j}1flgs
;j]{If0f k2ltdf cfwfl/tM dfcf]jfbL lgjf{rg cleofg
lvdnfn
b]jsf]6f
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf jf/]df
dflg;x?sf] lbdfudf ljleGg lr qx?
Sf]l/Psf5g\ . sltkon] dfcf]jfbLsf] :yfg lgs} sdhf]/ cf+sng u/]sf5g\ . sltkon]
cl3Nnf] r'gfjdf h;/L g} ToxL !% @) l;6 eg]sf5g\ . xfd|} kf6L{ leq klg s'g} s'/f
cfkm'nfO{ dg k/]sfj]nf kf6L{n] b'O{ltxfO{ Nofp5 eGg klg EofO{xfNg] ;fyLx?
Cfkm'nfO{ dg gk/]sfj]nf jf cfkm'nfO{ cg's'n gx'g] k|:tfj kf6L{n] NofPsf jvt cj
;j} sf+u|];n] lhR5 kf6L{ ;lsof] eGg] ul/ /vf]sf jvt / kf6L{ g]tfx? ;w} jfg]Zj/
j}7s ;w} sf+u|]; Pdfn]sf] ;fydf jx; jr]sf] ;do nflhDkf6 ;fg]kf / xflQjg xf]
Sof/] Tot}sf] sf}zLdf j:b} cfkmgf c;nL ef/bf/x?sf] dGq hKb} dgf]ut k|:tfj cufl8
/fVb} ubf{ ;fr} kf6L{ cGof}ndf lyof] / g]tf / sfo{stf{x? cGof}ndf g} lyP .o;}
ljrdf cfsl:ds g} eGg k5{ kf6L{sf] lj:tfl/t j}7s j:of] / cs:dft cleofgsf] of]hgf
jGof] . cleofg Ps dlxgf elgP klg vf; sfo{If]qdf eg] kGw| jf lj; lbg j:g] cj:yf
jGof] . of] cj:yfn] kf6L{nfO{ leGg ljZn]if0f ug{ / ;f]sf cfwf/df lg0f{o lng
lgs} ;3fp k'/fPsf] 5 hf] kf6L{ O{ltxf;df / g]tf sfo{stf{sf] klg hLjgdf
klxnf]k6s 5f]6f] cjlwdf t/ k|efjsf/L cleofg 7flgPsf] of] sfo{s|dn]
Pdfcf]jfbLsfnflu t /fd|} ;fdfu|L k|fKt eof] g} /fi6|s}nflu klg of] lgs} sfdofjL
x'g] 7flgPsf] 5 . ltg} ljifox? Jff/] ;+If]kdf rrf{ ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .
g]kfnL
;dfhsf] j:t'l:yltjf/] k|f/lDes hfgfsf/LM
g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cWoogsf jf/]df Psfw
dflg;x?n] cfkmgf] jfWofTdt l8u|L k'/f ug{ xf]; jf bftfx?sf] kl/of]hgfsfnflu
tf]lsPsf] /sd km:of}{6 ug{ xf]; o:t}vfn] cg';Gwfg jfx]s c? e]l6b}gg\ . o;sf
cltl/Qm gLlt lgdf{0fsf txdf kx'r ePsf dflg;x?n] cg';Gwfgdf efu lnPsf klg lyPgg
/ tL l/kf]6{x? x]g]{ sfd klg ub}{gy] . t/ o; k6s Pdfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] s]lGb|o
;ldltdf /x]/ sfd ul/;s]sf ljutdf / eljZodf ;d]t gLlt lgdf{0fdf kx'r /x]sf] Tof]
:t/sf] hgzlQmn] cfkm}n] ;xeflu eP/ NofPsf] tYof+s / ;'rgf /fi6|lgdf{0fsf]
sfo{df dxTjk'0f{ ;fljt x'g]5 vfnL To;sf] ;xL ;b'kof]usf] jftfj/0f jgfpg dfq}
kg]{5 .
hgtfsf]
dgf]lj1fg cWoog ug]{ cj;/M
hgtfsf] cg'xf/ k|ToIf ?kdf k9g] s'/f
cg';Gwfgsf cflwsfl/stf / ljZj;gLotfsfnflu lgs} dxTjk'0f{ dflgG5 . hgtfn]
kmf/ddf s] n]v] u0fsn] s] n]v]/ NofP lkmN8 d{} k'u]/ NofP ls s'g} ;'ljwf;DkGg
xf]6nsf] njLdf j;]/ jf ufpsf] k;ndf j;]/ hfGg] ;'Gg]n] eg]sf] Joxf]/f gf]6 u/]/
NofP eGg] s'/f lgs} dxTjsf] ljifo xf] . bf>f] vfn] cg';Gwfgsf cfwf/df tof/
ePsf k|ltj]bg / ljsf;sf kl/of]hgfx?;Dd klg ;kmn eP eg]/ uj{ ug]{ ul/Psf] ;dfhdf
hgtfsf k|ltlglw gLlt lgdf{0fdf k|ToIf;+nUg ePsf g]tf x?sf] 6f]nLn] hgtfsf]
k|ToIf dgf]lj1fg k9g] / ;f]sf cfwf/df k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf] 5 . hf] g]kfnL
;dfhsf] ljsf;sfnflu lgs} dxTjsf] ;fljt x'g]5 .
k2lt
;+ut cg';GwfgM
k|fo /fhg}lts bnsf g]tf sfo{stf{x?sf]
l/kf]6{ vf; kmd]{6df x'g] ub{5 Tof] kmd]{6 s}n} j:t'jfbL x'g ;s]g . k'/} dgf]ut
efif0fn] /+lug] l/kf]6{ o; k6s km/s /xof] . kf6L{ s]lGb|o sfof{no lj1x?sf]
;xof]udf cfkm}n] tof/ kf/]sf] $$ k[i7 nfdf] kmf/fd h;nfO{ eg{sfnlu ljz]if
lgb]{zg klg tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf dgf]ut / /fhg}lts efif0f u/] h:tf] of] sfd x'g
kfpb}gYof] . s'g} klg sfd vfnL /fVg klg kfO{b}gYof] . o;n] cg';Gwfgsf] k2lt
k5ofPsf] dfq} x}g j}1flgs cg';Gwfg k2lt g} cjnDjg ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm
kmf/fd eg{ s;}nfO{ elt{ ug]{ x}g 6f]nL g]tf cfkm} / cfkmg} pkl:yltdf
sfo{stf{x?sf] 6f]nL g} jgfP/ ug]} lgb}{lzsf ePsf sf/0fn] klg o; sfdsf] dxTj
cfkm}df pRr 5 .
j}1flgs
cg';Gwfg k2ltsf] cjnDjg dfcf]jfbL kf6L{jf6MM
sltkosfnflu of] ckTofl/nf] nfUg] / :jo+
dfcf]jfbLsfnflu klg of] em0eml6nf] / cgfjZos eg]/ gfs gv'DRofPsf] klg xf]O{g t/
s] n] sfd u/of] yfx 5}g of] kmf/fd jdf]lhds} ljj/0f eg]{ u/L kf6L{ s]lGb|o
sfof{no ;xdt eof] / klxnf em0eml6nf] elgPsf] kmf/fd g} :jLsf/ eof] . of] sfd
lkmN8df vl6g]x?sfnflu klg lgs} r'gf}ltsf] ljifo jGof] ljj/0fdf cfwfl/t
l/kf]l6{8 emg r'gf}ltk'0f x'g] g} eof] Toltsf r'gf}ltk'0f{ sfd klg Pdfcf]jfbLsf
g]tf tyf g]tfx?sf] 6f]nLn] u/]/ b]vfPsf] 5 . olt g} / o:t} sfd s'g} klg
/fhg}lts bnn] cfhsf ldlt ;Dd u/]sf] kfO{Psf] 5}g . To;}n] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n]
;j}nfO{ pl5g]sf] 5 / ;j}nfO{ l;sfPsf] klg 5 / cfkm}n] / kf6L{n] / /fHon] o;nfO{
pkof]u u/of] eg] tof] b]z / hgtsfnflu sfdofjL g{} x'g] 5 .
kf6L{
dgf]ut /f]ujf6 d'Qm x'g] pkfoM
kf6L{n] s'g} Joj;foLs ;+:yfnfO{ u'xf/]/
o;f] ug{ klg ;+ej lyPg . s'g} u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] oltsf sfd u/]sf] eP c/jf}sf]
nufgL ug{ kg]{ klg lyof] t/ of] vfnsf] u'0fsf] ck]Iff w]/} 6f9fsf] s'/f x'g]
lyof] . h] xf]; kf6L{ g]tfx? kmf/fd eg]{ u0fs klg ePsf 5g\ / kmf/fd lb3{sflng
cg';Gwfg / ljZn]if0f ug{ nfos 5 h;n] eljzodf klg tL kmf/fdx? Vf]tng] /
ljleGgk|of]hgsfnflu ljZn]if0f ug]{ /fd|f] ;fdfu|L k|fKt ePsf] 5 . kf6L{ st}
cndlnof] eg] jf g]tfx? dgf]ut x'g yfn] eg] tYof+sn] s] eG5 eg]/ kN6fP/ x]g]{
;fdfu|L k|fKt ePsf] 5 eg] o; cl3 dgf]ut x'g] u/]sf] /f]usf] cf}iflw klg oxL
kmf/fd x'g]5 .
;j]{If0fsf]
ljZn]if0fM
oBlk of] ;j]{If0f kmf/fdsf] Joj;foLs
ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5}g . oltj]nf vfnL o;sf] /fhg}lts ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .
/fhg}lts ljZn]if0fnfO{ cfufld lgjf{rgsf jvt pDd]bjf/ to ug]{ s'/fdf pkof]u
ul/g]5 eg] jfsL g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/q g]kfnL ;dfhdf /x]sf cGt/lj/f]wx? G]kfnL
hgtfsf rfxgfx? / g]kfnL hgtfn] rfx]sf] / vfrf] k/]sf] ljsf;sf] df]8]n ;d]tsf
jf/]df klg lgisif{ lgsfNg] cfwf/ tof/ kf/]sf] 5 . kf6LnfO{ hlt j]nf h] ljifosf]
hfgsf/Lsf] vfrf] k/of] ;f]xL s'/f lgsfNg ;lsg] h] s'/fdf ljZn]if0f ug{ k/of]
ToxL s'/f lgsfNg ;lsg] cyf{t lh1f;fnfu]sf ljifodf dgf]ut jf cj}1flgs cfwf/ lng
gkg]{ cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ePsf] 5 of] ;j]{If0fn] . cf/Dedf of] ;j]{If0fnfO{
em0eml6nf] dflgP klg sfnfGt/df o;n] kmfO{bf lbb} hfbf tj dfq} of] k2ltsf]
k|;+;f x'g]5 h] xf]; o; k6s kf6L{ j}1flgs k2ltdf cfwfl/t ;j]{If0f / ;j]{If0fjf6
k|fKt lgisif{x?nfO{ ljZn]if0f u/]/ gof lgisif{df k'Ug k|oTg u/]sf] of] cj;/
;j}sfnflu v'zLsf] s'/f xf] .
lgisif{M
g]tfx? cfufld r'gfjsf] jf/]df lrGtf u5{g
/fhg]tfn] cfufdL k':tfsf jf/]df lrGtf u5{g eg] em} o; k6s Pdfcf]jfbL kf6L{ /
o;sf g]tfx? cfufld r'gfjsf] jf/]df dfq} lrGtf ug]{ g]tfsf] sf]6Ldf l;ldt /fVg
rfx]g o;n] efjL k':tfsf] jf/]df ;d]t lrGtf u/]/ tbg's'nsf] sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug{]
sfdsf] yfngL u/]/ /fhg]tfsf] x}l;ot sfod ug]{ k|oTg u/]sf] 5 . of] k|oTg
sfdofjL hj x'g]5 tj o;sf] kl/0ffd j:t'lgi6 tl/sfn] k|of]u x'g]5 / g]kfnL
;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0fsf] k|s[ofdf ;fd]n e} ;s]sf] x'g]5 o;}df o;sf] dxTj emNsg] 5 .
o;sf cfwf/df eGg ;lsg]5 Pdfcf]jfbL o; k6s j}1flgs k2ltdf cfwfl/t ;j]{If0f
cg';Gwfgsf lgisif{df e/ kb}{ g]tfx?sf] klQm hgtfsf] ;]jfdf v/f] plqg]
sfo{of]hgf jgfpg] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 h;sf] k'/} cfwf/ klg tof/ ePsf] 5 .
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