g]kfn /fli6«o k|ultlzn j'l4hLjL
;+u7g, s]lGb«o ;ldltsftkm{ ;+of]hs lvdnfn b]jsf]6f4f/f Pstfsf] kfrf} /fli6«o ;Dd]ng – @)&) df k|:t't
æk|ltj]bgÆ
cWoIf d08n,;xefuL ;Dk'0f{ k|ltlglw
tyf ko{j]Ifs ldqx? .
xfdL g]kfn /fli6|o k|ultlzn
a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf] Pstfsf] kfrf} /fli6|o ;Dd]ngsf] ;+3f/df 5f} + . nfdf] ;dob]lv
;Dd]ngsf] ldlt tf]Sb} / :ylut ub}{ cfh xfdL ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ug]{ cj:yfdf cfPsf xf}
. kf6L{ Pstf kZrft a'l4hLjL ;+u7gx?sf jLrsf] Pstf ;DkGg u/L sfd sf/jfxLnfO{ cufl8
j9fpg kg]{df c? ;j} hgjlu{o ;+u7gx?sf] Pstf ;DkGg e} /fli6|o ;Dd]ng ;d]t ;DkGg
u/L;Sbf klg xfdLn] To;f] ug{ g;Sbf cfh
/fli6|o ;Dd]ngsf] bf}/fgdf klg ljutdf xfdLn] olt u/of} olt ug{ k|oTg u/of} /
olt ug{ ;Sof} olt ug{ kfO{gf} eGg] ljifosf] km]xl/:t k|:t't ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf
5f} . a'l4hLjL ;+u7gx?sf jLrsf] Pstf lgs} l9nf] u/L ePsf sf/0fn] ljutsf] nfdf]
;do xfdL Pstfsf] k|of;df g} vr{ u/of} eGg] jfx]s xfd|f ;fd' csf]{ ljsNk /x]g .
t} klg Pstfsf] of] kfrf} /fli6|o ;Dd]ng xfdL ub}{5f} / o; P]ltxfl;s Pstfsf] kfrf}
/fli6|o ;Dd]ngdf ;+u7gsf] ;+of]hssf x}l;otn] of] k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ kfpbf dnfO{
xlif{t t'NofPsf] 5 .
zlxbk|lt
>4fGhnL
;+u7gnfO{ oxf+;Dd NofO{ k'/fpg'x'g] o; ;+u7gsf dxfg
zlxbx?k|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5 . 3fO{t] tyf j]kQf of]4fx?k|lt
PSoj4tf k|s6 ub{5 . j]kQf vf]hL tyf ;To lg?k0f tyf d]n ldnfk cfof]u dfkm{t 4Gbsfnsf
36gfx?sf] 5fg ljg u/L ;To kQfnufO{ tYo :yflkt u/L ;dfhdf d]nldnfksf] jftf/0f
tof/ ug{ tyf j]kQf kfl/Psf gful/sx?sf] l:ylt oyflz3| ;fj{hlgs ug{ hf]8bf/ dfu
ub{5 .
! cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltM
oltj]nf klg ;fd|fHojfb Pj+ plTkl8t
/fi6| / hgtfsf jLrsf] cGt/lj/f]w g} k|d'v cGt/lj/f]wsf ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . oBlk
;fd|fHojfbn] hg;d'bfonfO{ e|ldt kfg]{ u/L cfkmgf] juL{o lxtnfO{ cIf'0f /fVg
jblnPsf] ljZj hgdt cg';f/ gof gof ?k / gf/fsf] k|of]u ub}{ slxn] pbf/jfb slxn]
lghLs/0f / slxn] e'd08nLs/0f h:tf gf/fx?sf] ;fxf/f lnPsf] 5 .
k|d'v cGt/lj/f]w ;f]xL /x] klg
;fd|fHojfbdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g / ;dfhdf /x]sf ju{x?df / dfgj hfltsf] ;Eotfdf
cfPsf] kl/jt{g ;+u} cGt/lj/f]wsf ?k x?df km]/jbn cfpg' clgjfo{ x'G5 . bf]>f]
ljzjo'4 kl5 ljz]ift lzto'4sf] cGt kl5 ;fd|fHojfbn] k/Dk/fut ?kdf ljZjsf] lglZrt
e'efusf] ljefhg / k'g/ ljefhgsf lglDt rNg] cGt/;fd|fHojfbL k|lt4lGbtf, lghLs/0f,
pbfl/s/0f / ljlQo e"d08nLs/0f ;+u} b]lvPsf] ;'rgf ;fd|fHosf] ljZjdf
jblnPsf]5 . n]lggsf] ;fd|fHojfb / ;j{xf/f s|fLGtsf] o'u ;DjlGw kl/efiffdf
cfwf/e"t cGt/ geP klg n]lgg / dfcf]f4f/f k|ltkflbt cGt/ ;fd|fHojfbL o'4
;DjlGw ljZn]if0f / /0fgLltdf kl/dfh{g ug{ cfjZos ePsf] 5 .
;fd|fHojfbdf cfPsf] km]/jbnn] @! cf}
ztfJbLsf] ;j{xf/fjfbL s|flGtsf/Lx?sf cufl8 s|flGtsf /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltx?nfO{
kl/dfh{g ug'{kg]{ r'gf}lt v8f u/]sf] oyfy{nfO{ klg cfTd;ft ug{ kb{5 .
@ /fli6|o kl/l:yltM
!@ j'b] ;dembf/Ljf6 cf/De ePsf]
;+ljwfg;ef / u0ftGqsf] ofqf r'gfj ;DkGg ug]{ / nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] 3f]if0ff
ug]{ xb;Dd ;kmn ePsf] ePtfklg ;+ljwfg;efjf6 hgo'4 hgcfGbf]ng / dw]z cfGbf]ng
Pj+ ;j}vfn] kl/jt{gsf cfGbf]ngx?jf6 k|fKt pknJwLnfO{ ;+::yfut ug]{ sfd k'/f ge}
cyf{t gof ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ff gu/L ;+ljwfg;efsf] cj;fg x'g] 36gfs|dn] hgtfdf
lg/fzf / k|fKt pknJwLx? km]l/ u'Dg] kf] x'g ls eGg] lrGtf nfUg' :jefljs xf] .
o;} ;Gbe{df k'/ftgjfbL zlQm hf] s}n} kl/jt{gsf kIfdf /x]g, ;+ljwfg;efnfO{
cft+ssf/L Ph]08f g} 7x/fof} ltg} dWosf] Ps lx:;f / hf] ;+ljwfg;efsfnflu jlnbfgL
ug]{ dxfg hgo'4sf] ;xefuL jGof] To;} dWosf] Ps lx:;f -j}B ;d'x_ k'/} !@ j'b]
;xdltnfO{ c;kmn kfg{ / ;+ljwfg;efsf] Ph]08fnO{ c;Dej t'Nofpg / k|fKt
pknJwLx?nfO{ w/fkdf kfg{ Ps;fy k|oTg u/]sf5g\ . of] ;d]t if8oGqsf] kbf{kmf;
ub}{ cfGbf]ngsf pknJwLx?nfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ cfkmgf] efUosf km};nf cfkm} ug{ kfpg]
hgtfsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t ;+ej t'Nofpg nfUg'sf] csf]{ ljsNk 5}g eGg]
lgisif{sf;fy ;+ljwfg;efsf] ljsNk csf]{ ;+ljwfg;ef / cfGbf]ngsf pknJwLx? hgjfbL
s|flGtsf dxTjk'0f{ pknJwLx? ;+:yfut ug{ / hgjfbL s|flGtsf jfsL sfo{ef/ k'/f ug{,
klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf / ;+3Lotf ;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg ;+ljwfg;efjf6 ;+ljwfgnfO{
sfo{g}lts gf/fsf ?kdf u|x0f ub}{ hgtfsf] hLjgdf kl/jt{g Nofpg] / cfwf/ jbNg]
pTkfbg / lgdf{0fsfnflu ;+3if{ kf6L{ /0fgLltsf] csf]{ cfofdsf ?kdf sfo{s|dLs
?kdf cufl8 j9fpg] oltjnfsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] ;Gbe{df jf}l4s ;d'bfosf]
e"ldsf ;'lglzrt ug{ h?/L 5 .
# g]kfnL ;dfhsf]
rl/qdf cfPsf] jbnfj
cfhsf] g]kfn cfly{s /fhg}lts
b[li6n] ;fdGtL cjz]if ;lxtsf] bnfn gf]s/zfxL k'hLjfbL / hgtfsf] hgjfbL zlQmsf
jLrdf ;Qfsf] l5gfemK6L rln/x]sf] k'hLjfbf]Gd'v tyf gj pklgj]zjfbL zlQm /
/fli6|o zlQmsf jLrdf rsf]{ ;+3if{ ;lxt :jflwgtf tkm{ pGd'v ;+s|d0fsflng
P]ltxfl;s k|s[ofsf jLrjf6 cufl8 jl9/x]sf] 5 . clxn] klg b]z lxhf]s} h:tf]
cw{;fdGtL / cw{ cf}klgj]lzs cj:yfdf g} 5 eGg] s'/f pko'{Qm j:t'ut / o'ufGtsf/L
kl/jt{gnfO{ gb]Vg] / gj'emg] oflGqs / dgf]ut ;f]rfO{ dfq x'g]5 . jblnPsf]
;dfhsf] rl/q cg';f/ s|flGtsf sfo{gLlt / /0fgLltdf kl/jt{g ug{ g;Sg]x?
uf]nrSs/df km:5g\ / l;l4G5g\ t;y{ oltj]nfsf] jblnPsf] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] c? rl/qx?
s] s] x'g o;sf k|efjx? S:tf slt / sltxb;Dd k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] :t/sf x'g]5g\ eGg]
s'/fnfO{ klg jx; / cWoog Pj+ cg';Gwfg u/L gof tYodf k'Ug h?/L ePsf] 5 .
# ;+u7gsf] ;+lIfKt Oltxf;
k+rfots} sfn/fqLdf klg s|flGtsf/L
a'l4hLjLx?sf] j]Un} ;+u7gsf] cfjZostfnfO{ dxz'z u/L 8f afa'/fd e66/fO{s}
g]t[Tjdf g]kfn /fli6|o a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf] :yfkgf u/L ljleGg af}l4s ultljlwx?
;+rfng u/]sf] xfdL kfp5f} eg] @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng kZrft\ k+rfotL lg/s'z
zf;gsf] ktg / jx'bnLo zf;g Joj:yfsf] pbo eP tfklg ;f] cfGbf]ng klg ;+emf}tfdf
6'+luPsf] cj:yf ;f]xL j/k/ ;j} jfdkGyLx?sf] ;fefmf af}l4s ;+u7gsf ?kdf a'l4hLjL
kl/ifb u7g u/L cl3 j9fpg k|oTg ePsf] eP tfklg Toltj]nfsf] cfGbf]ngsf] dd{ /
efjgfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ s|flGtsf/Lx?sflglDt 5'6} s|flGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] l;h{gf
ug'{ kg]{ l:ylt cfO{ k/]sf] P}ltxfl;s cfjZostfnfO{ jf]w ub}{ @)$* df
k'g 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] ;+of]hsTjdf g]kfn /fli6«o a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf] :yfkgf
ePsf] xf] . tTkZrft\ lbk]Gb| axfb'/ If]qL, ;'/]z cfn]du/, /d]z zdf{, k|tfk jGt,
sf]dn j/fn / @)^# ;fndf ;DkGg /fli6|o ;Dd]ngn] lvdnfn b]jsf]6fnfO{ cWoIfdf
lgjf{lrt u/L ;+u7gn] cfkmgf ultljlwx? cufl8 j9fPsf] lyof] . kf6L{ km'6sf
sf/0fn] a'l4hLjL ;+u7gdf klg ljefhg cfpg' :jefljs lyof] cfO{ 5f8of] . o; kZrft
Pstf s]Gb|df cfPsf] ljefhg h:t} hgo'4df hfg] / ghfg] kf6L{nfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ g]kfn
/fli6|o a'l4hLjL ;+u7g / k|ultlzn a'l4hLjL ;+u7g b'O{ 5'66f 5'66} a'l4hLjL
;+u7gx? S[oflzn /x] .
bz
jif]{ hgo'4 zflGt ;+emf}tfsf] dfWodjf6 zflGt k|s[ofdf k|j]z u/] klg ;+ljwfg;efsf]
lgjf{rg ;dkGg eP kl5 / ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq 3f]if0ff eP kl5 km]l/ ljutdf
km'6]sf kf6L{x?sf] Plss/0fsf] k|s[of cf/De eof] / lg/Gt/ hf/L /x]sf] Plss/0fsf]
o]f k|s[ofdf ldlt @)&).@.!^ ut]sf
lbg lvdnfn b]jsf]6fsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] g]kfn /fli6|o a'l4hLjL ;+u7g / kB
v8sfsf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] k|ultlzn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf] ;+o'Qm j}7s j;L Pstf k|s[of
;DkGg e} g]kfn /fli6|o k|ultlzn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf ?kdf oltj]nf xfdL ;+ul7t /
s[oflzn 5f}+ .
$ cGo ;+u7gx? jf/] M
olta]nf xfdL afx]s g]kfnL af}l4s
hutdf k|ltufdL, oyfl:ytLjfbL / ;'wf/jfbL lsQfsf cGo a'l4hLjL ;+u7gx? klg
cl:tTjdf 5g\ . jfdkGyL gfd u/]sf kf6L{x? cfj4 a'l4hLjL ;+u7gx?nfO{ Ps
>]0fLdf u}/ jfd bn cfj4 ;+u7gx?nfO{ csf]{ >]0fLdf / k|ltufdL k'g/pTyfgjfbL
cfj4 ;+u7gx?nfO{ csf]{ >]0fLdf /fVg ;lsG5 . To;}n] oltj]nf oyfl:yltjfbL /
9'nd'n rl/q jf]s]sf bn / tL cfj4 ;+u7gx?nfO{ ltgsf unt sfd sf/jfxL ljrf/ /
b[li6sf]0fsf] e08fkmkf]/ ub}{ kl/jt{gsf kIfdf Nofpg k|oTg ug]{ / olx lsQfdf
leqofpg] k|oTg ug]{ / k|ltufdL bn cfj4 ;+u7gn] lng] ;f]r / b[li6sf]0fsf]
e08fkmf]/ ub}{ pgLx?sf lj?4 ;+3if{ ug]{ gLlt g} oltj]nfsf] ;+s|d0fsflng 38Lsf]
Jojxfl/s gLlt x'g]5 .
%= ljut b]lv jt{dfg ;Dd
g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfd'n kl/jt{gsf
kIfdf nfdj4 ePsf cfd s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?sf] k|ltlglwd'ns ;+u7g x'g'sf gftfn]
dxfg hgo'4 ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng ;d]tdf cfkmgf lhDd]jf/Lx? G]kfnL jf}l4s ;d'bfon]
lgjf{x u/]/} cfPsf] tYo ;fj{hlgs g} 5 . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/qdf jbnfj cfPsf] 5 .
g]kfnL /fhgLlts j[Qdf cfPsf] cfwf/e"t kl/jt{g ljz]if pNn]vgLo 5 . cw{ ;fdGtL
/ cw{ cf}klgj]lzs g]kfnL ;dfh ;fdGtjfbsf] gfO{s] /fhtGq 9ln;s]sf] u0ftGq
3f]if0ff e};]ssf] cj:yfdf ;fdGtjfbsf cjz]ifx? jfsL /xg' jfx]s cj g]kfn ljut
;f7L jif{b]lv eGb} cfP h:tf] cw{ ;fdGtL / cw{ cf}klgj]lzs cj:yfsf] 5}g . o;}
u/L ;fv u/L ;'uf}nL ;lGw kZrft cw{ cf}klgj]lzs cj:yfdf /x]sf] g]kfnL ;dfh
;fd|fHojfbsf] rl/qdf cfPsf] km]/jbn e"d08nLs/0f, lj1fg / k|ljwldf ePsf]
ce't k'j{ ljsf; vf; u/L ;'rgf k|ljlwdf cfPsf] s|flGtsf sf/0fn] g]kfn klg
k'lhjfbL ljZjdf k|j]z ub}{ u/]sf] / ;fd|fHojfbsf] cf}klgj]lzs rl/qdf ;d]t
cfPsf] jbnfjsf sf/0f g]kfn cj cw{ cf}klgj]lzs x}g gj cf}klgj]lzs cj:yfdf kl/0ft
x'g k'u]sf] 5 . hj g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/q jblnG5 s|flGtsf /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltdf klg
kl/jt{g cfpg] ub{5 . /fhtGqsf] cGt / u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf, lxGb' clw/fHosf ;66fdf
wd{ lg/k]Iftf, PsfTds zf;g k|0ffnLsf] ;66fdf ;+3Lotf clg c;dfj]zL zf;gk|0ffnLsf
7fpdf ;fdfj]zL ;dfg'kflts Pj+ ;xeflutfd'ns nf]stGq cfhsf] /fhgLlt jg]sf] 5 .
o;n] g]kfnL ;dfhsf ;j} If]qdf cfwf/e"t ?kdf g} km]/jbn NofO{lbPsf] 5 eg]
jblnPsf] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/q cg's'n g]kfnL ;dfhsf cGt/lj/f]wx? Klg jblnPsf5g\
eg] g]kfnL s|flGtsf] /0fgLlt / sfo{gLtdf km]/jbn Nofpg klg h?/L ePsf] 5 .
dfS;{jfbnfO{ wd{zf:qsf ?kdf ;dftL/fVg]x?sfnflu eGg' s]xL 5}g t/ 7f];
kl/l:yltsf] 7f]; ljZn]if0f g} dfS;{jfb xf] eGg] s'/fdf ljZjf; ug]{ dfS;{jfbLx?sfnflu
eg] dfS;{jfb cg's'n s|flGtsf /f0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt df ljsf; ug{sfnflu of] cj;/
xf] . To;}n] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] jblnPsf] rl/q cg';f/ pkl/;+/rgfdf k|fKt
pknJwLx?nfO{ ;'/lIft ug{ / o;nfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ cj cfwf/ jbNg] s'/fdf Wofg lbg
k5{ . cfwf/ jbNg] eg]sf] pTkfb ;DjGw / pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf jbnfj Nofpg] s'/f xf] .
To;}n] cfly{s s|flGt pTkfbg / lgdf{0fsfnflu ;+3if{ cfhsf] j:t'jfbL sfo{lbzf
jg]sf] 5 .
g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cGt/lj/f]wx?sf] of]
cj:yfdf / g]kfnL ;j{xf/f ju{sf] cu|b:tf Plss[t g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_n] s|flGtsf
/0fgLlt / sfo{gLltdf kl/jt{g / ljsf; ul/;s]sf] ;Dbe{df s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?sf]
k|ltlglw ;+u7g x'gfsf gftfn] tbg's'n g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljZn]if0f / g]kfnL ;fdfhsf
cGt/lj/f]wx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ / ltgnfO{ xn ug]{ s|flGtsf] sfo{lbzf ljsf; ug]{
tkm{ sfo{of]hgf jgfpg h?/L ePsf] 5 .
%=! j}rfl/s kIfM
Hfgo'4sfndf
cem d'Vot g]kfnL hgo'4 /0fg}lts k|Tos|d0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf]
;Gbe{df a'l4hLjLx?sf] bfloTj, /fli6«o,cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt / ljrf/ ;+Zn]if0fdf
af}l4s ;d'bfosf] e"ldsf nufotsf ljifodf dxTjk"0f{ ljrf/ ;+k|]if0ff
ug{ h?/L lyof] olx tYonfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} e"ldut cj:yfdf ;d]t vf;u/L cfwf/
O{nfsfsf ufp j:tL / zx/x?df ;d]tæ/0fg}lts
k|Tofqmd0f / a'l4hLjLsf] bfloTjÆ ljifos ljrf/ uf]i7L ;DkGg ul/P eg] !( lbg]
hgcfGbf]ng kZrft o'4lj/fd eP otf æ/fHosf]
k"g/;/rgf / u0ftfGqLs df]rf{ lgdf{0fdf a'l4hLjLsf] e"ldsfÆljifos
ljrf/ uf]i7L sf7df08f}df ;DDkGg ePsf]
lyof] . æ;fj{ef}d
;Qfsf] k|of]u / af}l4s ;d'bfoÆ nufotsf ljifodf s]lGb|t u/L b]z}e/Lsf
zfvfx?df / zx/x?df Ps} ;dodf uf]i7L ;DkGg ePsf lyP . t/ nfdf] ;dosf] ;+u7gfTds
csd{0otfsf sf/0fn] o; cjlwdf pNn]vgLo sfd eg] ug{ ;lsPg t/ klg ljutsf]
l/QmtfnfO{ Ifltk'lt{ ;lxt k'/f ug]{ sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ h?/L 5 .
tTsflng
cfjZostf kl/k"lt{sfnflu zx/ s]lGb|t ;+u7g xfn;Dd cfO{ k'Ubf b]zJoflk jg]sf]
5 . ;3{ifsf] ;fk]Iftf / ljrf/ ljsf;sf] ultdf a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf] e"ldsf klg
;zQm aGb} hfg' :jefljs lyof] . xfn ;+u7g b]zJoflk jg]sf] 5 / ;j} lhNnf /
zx/x?df ;+u7gsf ultljlwx? ;+rfngdf cfPsf lyP .
t/ b'ef{Uojz g} egf} kf6L{ Pstfn]
nfdf] r/0f / ;do kf/ ul/;s]/ klg k6s k6ssf lj:tfl/t j}7sx? ;DkGg e};s] kl5 klg
a'l4hLjL ;+u7gdf Pstf x'g ;s]g s}og k|oTgx? Klg c;kmn eP . kf6L{sf] Pstfsf]
;ftf} dxflwj]zg ;DkGg eP kZrft klg jNn rf/ dlxgf kl5 ;+u7gdf cf}krfl/s ?kdf Plss/0f ePsf] 5 / o;n]
cfkmgf ultljlwx? Cufl8 j9fPsf] 5 . l9n} eP klg ;+u7g Plss/0f ug]{ sfd ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . Plss/0fsf cefjdf nueu rf/ jif{ vf;u/L s]Gb| lgis[o g} /xof] eg] kmf66
km'66 lhNnfdf ;+u7gsf ultljlwx? eg] s'g} g s'g} ?kdf e} g} /x] . of] oyfy{
;fj{hlgs ug{\} k5{ o; sf/0f ls ;+u7gfTds ?kdf Pstf xfl;n gubf{ kl/0ffd xft kfg{
;lsGg eGg] /fd|f] lzIff klg xfl;n ePsf] 5 . ;+u7gdf Pstf xfl;n eP kl5 lhNnf
lhNnfdf dfq} x}g ;j} af}l4s ;d'bfodf pT;fxsf] nx/ 5fPsf] 5 b]zJoflk ?kdf lhNnf
;+Dd]ngx? Cfof]hgf x'g] s|d hf/L 5 . h] xf]; s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?df gof
cfzfsf] ls/0f b]vf k/]sf] 5 . b]z Joflk ?kdf lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;DkGGg u/]/ /fli6|o
;Dd]ng ;Dkgg ul/;Sbf ;+u7gn] o;sf ;b:ox?n] / g]kfnL af}l4s ;dfhn] ;d]t sfr'nL
km]g{] lglZrt 5 .
;+u7gsf] :j?k tTsflng ;dosf]
cfGbf]ngsf] cfjZostfn] lgwf{/0f ub{5 . o'4sf jvt o'4sflng ;+/rgf h?/L kb{Yof]
To:t} ;+u7g jGof] zflGtsfndf ;+u7gsf] :j?k klg leGg x'g] g} eof] tbg'?k o;sf]
:j?kdf kl/jt{g ug{ h?/L 5 . 7Ls To;} u/L g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/q jblnPsf] 5 tbg'?k
s|flGtsf /0fgLlt / sfo{gLlt d} jbnfj cfpg h?/L 7flgof] eg] ;f]xL cg'?k ;+u7gsf]
dfu ug'{ :jefljs g} 5 To;}n] a'l4hLjL ;+u7g klg cfkmgf] ;+/rgfjbNg h?/L 7fGb5 .
;do jblnPsf] 5 ;dfhsf rl/q jblnPsf5g tbg'?k ;+u7g / ltgsf sfo{z}nL jbNg ;lsPg
eg] tL ;+u7gx? sfdofjL x'g ;Sb}gg . km]l/Psf] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/q cg';f/
;+u7gsf] :j?k km]g{ tof/ x'g kg]{ ePsf] 5 . o;sfnflu ;+u7gsf] :j?knfO{ dxf;+3Lo
;+/rgfdf jbNg] / af}l4s ;+u7gnfO{ c? hgjuL{o ;+u7g h:t} lg/Gt/tfdf n}hfg eGbf
o;sf] ljifo ljz]if1tfsf] If]qnfO{ klxrfg u/L o;sf] dd{nfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ ;Sg]
vfnsf] ;+/rgf tof/ ug{ h?/L ePsf] 5 .
%#= k|sfzgM
;+u7gsf] d'vkqsf ?kdf k|fl1s
lemNsf] :dfl/sfsf ?kdf k|sfzg ug]{ tof/L ePsf] t o;sfnflu pTkfbg /
lgdf{0fsfnflu ;+3if{ kf6L{ /0fgLltsf] csf]{ cfofd ljz]iff+ssf ?kdf cfpg]5 . hgo'4sf bz aif{ k':ts ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L
;'lrsf ?kdf k|sfzg e} dxflwj]zgsf] s]xL cl3 dfq} o;nfO{ ljdf]rg ug]{ sfd ePsf]
5 o; vfnsf] dxTjk'0f{ ;+sng klg sfo{nodf pknJw 5 .
%$ wSsf d"ns sfo{qmdx?M–
}lgz{t ;+ljwfg ;ef / gful/s clwsf/ }, };+ljwfg ;efdf af}l4s ;d'bfosf]
e"ldsf }, }u0ftGq g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fdf /fhg}lts bnx?sf] e"ldsf }, }u0ftflGqs
df]rf{ :yfkgf ug]{ lbzfdf af}l4s ;d'bfosf] e"ldsf , ;+ljwfg;ef nIo /
r'gf}tL, ;+ljwfg ;ef, ;Defjgf / r"gf}tL,
nf]stflGqs u0ftGq ;Defjgf / r'gf}tL, /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;+/rgfsf
d"ne"t cGt/j:t'x? cflb ljifodf b]z el/sf zx/L If]qx?df
ljrf/uf]i7Lsf ?kdf ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ ;+u7gfTds csd{0otfsf sf/0fn] of]
cjlwdf eg] pNn]vgLo sfd ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . ev{/} dfq ;+u7gdf Plss/0f ePsf] 5
cfufld lbgdf ljutsf] IfltnfO{ ;d]t k'lt{ ug]{ u/L sfo{s|d ;+rfng ug]{ of]hgf 5
.
%=% cfly{s kIfM–
k|f/Deb]lv # jif{sf nflu ?= @)).–
lnO{ ;b:otf pknAw u/fpg] afx]s ;+u7gsf] cGo cfly{s ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf gePsfn]
;+u7gn] k/ lge{/ x'g'kg]{ l:ylt lyof] . xfn cfP/ ;+u7gn] ;b:otf /l;b ljt/0fdf
Jofkstf NofPsf] a'l4hLjLx? ;+ul7t aGg] qmd lta| ag]sf] af6 ;+u7gsf] cfly{sl:ylt
dha't aGg] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5. oBkL ;j} If]qx?af6 /sd cfpg l9nf ePsfn] /fli6«o
;Dd]ngnfO{ eAotf lbg sl7gfO{ dx;"; ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpg rfxG5' . s]lGb|o
;b:ox?sf] dfl;s n]jL /sd cl3Nnf] Pstfsf] j}7sdf cfP jfx]s cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .
s]lGb|o sfof{nosf] dfl;s ef8f @%,))). a'l4hLjL kf6L{ lhNnf dfkm{t e'Qmfg ul/b}
cfPsf] 5 . o;sf] lx;fj ldnfg klg ;+u7gsf] cfo cfh{g ;+u} ug{ kg]{ ePsf] 5 .
oyflz3| o;sf] lgsf; vf]Hg h?/L ePsf] 5 .
^= ;+u7gsf] cfufdL
sfo{of]hgf
g]kfnL s|flGtn] gof r/0fdf k|j]z
u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/qdf cfwf/e't ?kdf g} jbnfj cfPsf] 5 . jblnPsf]
rl/q cg';f/ g]kfnL s|flGtsf /0fgLlt / sfo[gLltx?sf] ljsf; ug{ h?/L 5 . o:tf]
kl/j]zdf g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/qdf cfPsf km]/jbnx? S] x'g o;sf] c;/ / k|efj s] ;Dd
kg{ ;S5 ;f]sf] cfsng ug]{ / To;jf6 l;h{gf x'g] cj;/ / r'gf}lt b'j}sf]
;fdgf ug{ s|flGtsf/Lx?n] s] pkofsf] cjnDjg ug{ h?/L 5 eGg] nufotsf y'k|}
ljifodf cWoog cg';Gwfg ug{ kg]{ ePsf] 5 . cfwf/e"t ?kdf ePsf] kl/jt{gnfO{
s]xL klg ePsf] 5}g eGg] / dxfg hgo'4 / ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf P]ltxfl;s
s[ltdfgx?sf] cjd'Nog ug]{ nufotsf xs{tx?nfO{ s;/L k|ltjfb ug]{ / ltgn] l;h{gf
u/]sf e|dx?nfO{ s;/L :ki6 kfg]{ eGg] r'gf}lt klg oltj]nfsf] d'Vo r'gf}lt xf] .
klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+l3otf ;+3Lotf ;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg / ;+ljwfg ;ef jf6}
;+ljwfg eGg]
gf/fsf ;fy hgtfdf hfg] / Plss[t dfcf]jfblnfO{
cf+l;s x}g :ki6 jx'dt eGg] gf/f / sfo{of]hgfnfO{ cfd af}l4s hg;d'bfo / cfd
af}l4s ;d'bfo dfkm{t hgtfsf 3/ b}nf]df / hgtfsf dg dl:tsdf ;d]t k'/ofpg]
sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ gof ;+ljwfg lbb} gof g]kfn lgdf{0fsf]
cleofgdf af}l4s hdftsf] lx:;f k'li6 ug{ h?/L ePsf] 5 Psflt/ eg] kl/jt{gsf
lj/f]wLx?n] lxhf] ;+ljwfg;ef rfx]sf lyPgg\ cfh klg rfx]sf 5}gg / ef]ln klg
rfxg]5}gg t;y{ o; vfn] k|j[lQsf lj?4 lgd{ddtfk'j{s ;+3if{ ug]{ , g]kfnL hgtfsf]
hLjg:t/ psf:g g;s] ;Dd cyf{t cfly{s ljsf; geP;dd /fhg}lts pknJwLx? Hf]ugp
;lsb}g eGg] tYonfO{ cfTd;f tub}{ efjL of]hgfx? to ug{ h?/L ePsf] 5 .
^=! a}rfl/s sfo{
csf]{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgdf
;/sf/ lgdf{0f ug{ k'0f{ jx'dt, ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsfnflu Ph]08f ldNg]x?nfO{ b'O{
ltxfO{ jx'dt ;'lglZrt ug{ cfd hgtfnfO{ g} k|lzlIft tyf cfGbf]lnt ug]{ vfnsf
sfo{s|d cfof]hgf ug]{ oltj]nfsf] tfTsflng / dxTjk'0f{ Psdfq sfo{ef/ x'g]5 . of]
nIf xfl;n ug{ af}l4s cleofg ;+rfng ug]{, lj/f]wLn] l;h{gf u/]sf e|dx?nfO{ lrb}{
hgtfdf ;xL ;'rgf ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ nufotsf :yfg ljz]if / :yfg ;fk]If sfo{s|d 5gf]6
u/L ;+rfng ug]{ / ;+ljwg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf ;jf{lws ljho xfl;n ug]{ g} oltj]nfsf]
k|d'v sfd xf] . o;sf cltl/Qm af}l4s ;+u7g x'gfsf gtfn] lgDg sfo{x? ;d]t ub}{
n}hfg kg]{ 5 .
s_ gofF
/fhg}lts r]tgf clej[l4 ug{ ljrf/wf/fTds ljsf; / ;+Zn]if0f ug{ ;3fpg] vfnsf
/fhg}lts j}rfl/s k|lzIf0f, ljrf/ uf]i7L 5nkmn cGt/ls|of sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf]
cfof]hgf ug]{ . /fli6«o, cGt/fli6«o
a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0f / g]kfnL s|flGtsf] df]8]nsf jf/]df k|rf/
k|;f/ ug]{ / ;f] ;DjGwL tYok/s cg';Gwfg sfo{ ug{ k|]l/t ug]{ .
v_ /fHosf]
cu|ufdL k'g;{/rgf , klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf ;DaGwL Jofks af}l4s cleofg ;+rfng
ug]{ .
u_ cGt/fli6«o:t/df
ljrf/ uf]li7 / sfo{zfnfx?sf] cfof]hgf ub}{ g]kfnL s|flGtsf jfsL sfo{ef/ k'/f
ug{ pTkfbg / lgdf{0fsf] sfo{of]hgf ;kmn kfb}{ cfTd lge{/ cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ub}{
d08n] /fi6|jfbsf] e|djf6 g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ d'Qm kfb}{ :jflwg /fi6| lgdf{0fsf]
cleofgdf j}b]lzs x:tIf]ksf] lj/f]w k|ltjfb e08fkmf]/ Pj+ ljljw vfn] cfGbf]ngdf
PSoj4tf h'6fpg] vfnsf sfo{s|dsf] cfof]hgf ug]{
.
3_ ;j}eGbf
dxTjk'0f{ s'/f s] 5 eg] s|flGtsf/L cfGbf]ngn] af}l4s If]qsf] dxTjnfO{ cfTd;f
tug{ g;sSg] af}l4 If]qn] s|flGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] dd{nfO{ ks8g g;Sg] k|sf/fGt/n]
Ps csf{sf lj/f]wL h:tf] cj:yfdf pleg] / pEofpg] hf] k|oTg x'g] u/]sf] 5 of]
tYonfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ s|flGtsf/L cfGbf]ng / af}l4s ;d'bfosf jLrdf Ps csf{ jLrsf
c;dembf/Lx?nfO{ x6fpb} Ps csf{sf kl/k'/s jgfpg] tkm{ d]xgt ug]{ j]nf cfPsf] 5 .
^=@ ;f+u7lgs sfo{M
cfGbf]ngsf] ult ;d"xsf] :j?k
tyf sfdsf] rfk adf]lhd ;+u7gsf] ;+/rgfdf km]/abn ug'{ cTofjZos x'G5 . ;+u7gsf]
:j?k / sfdsf] lhDdf d'tfljs ;+/rgfdf
x]/km]/ ub}{ ;b:otf Jofks ?kdf lj:tf/ ug]{ ,k]zfut ljz]if1tfsf] klxrfg ub}{
;+ul7t ug]{ / kl/rfng ug]{ ,csf]{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgdf oy]i7 dt k|fKt ug]{
s'/fnfO{ nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ / k|fKt pknJwLx?nfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{{
vfnsf ;f+u7lgs ultljlw ul/g] 5 . o;sfnflu k|Tos af}l4s s]Gb|x?df ;+u7gsf]
;Dd]ng e]nf ljrf/ uf]i7L cfof]hgf ug]{, lgjf{rgsfnflu hgpkof]uL ;fdfu|L pTkfbg
/ ljt/0f ug]{, lgjf{rg ;'xfpbf] ;+u7g lgdf{0f ug]{ / kl/rfng ug]{ .
^=#= ;+3if{
af}l4s
zf]if0fsf lj?4 af}l4s ;Ddfgsf] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ Pj+ d'n'ssf] /fli6|o :jflwgtf,
hgtfsf] nf]stGq / hglhjLsfsf ;DjlGw ljljw ljrf/ uf]i7L , cGt/lqm{of / ax;åf/f
hgtfnfO{ cfGbf]lnt jgfpb} cfufld lgjf{rgdf Plss[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf kIfdf dfxf]n
l;h{gf ug{ ;3fp k'/ofpg] vfnsf ljljw sfo{s|dx? ;+rfng ug]{ Pdfcf]jfbLsf kIfdf
dfxf}n l;h{gf e} lgjf{rg g} gu/fpg] jf Pdfcf]jfbLnfO{ jbgfd ug]{ vfnsf o'4sfnsf
d'2fx?sf] lgx' lems]/ r'gfj ef8g] if8oGq ePdf To;sf lj?4 cfGbf]ng / ;+3if{sf
sfo{s|ds]f ;+of]hg ug]{ To; lj?4 hgdt tof/ ug]{ . ljZje/ ePsf ;j} juL{o Pj+
/fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ngdf ;dy{g / ;xof]u ug]{ ;3if{sf] efjL of]hgf x'g]5 .
^=$ k|sfzg
j}rf/Ls ;+3if{sf nflu hgdt l;h{gf
ug{, ;+u7gsf sfd sfjf{xLsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ / ;:n]lift ljrf/x?sf] k|jfx ug{
k|sfzgsf] cToGt 7"nf] dxTj x'G5 . k|sfzg ;+u7gn] u/]sf sfdx? / 36gfx?sf]
clen]v klg x'g\ . ctM cfufdL lbgdf k|sfzgsf] sfo{nfO{ Plss[t, of]hgfa4 /
Jojl:yt ?kn] cuf8L a9fpg k|fl1s lemNsf] nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lb+b} ;s];Dd dfl;s
k|sfzgsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg / ljljw cGo pkof]uL k|sfzg ug]{ nIf /flvPsf] 5 .
&= efjL r'gf}tL
/ ;Defjgfx?M
dfcf]n] eGg'ePsf] 5 æoyfy{nfO{ ga'‰g]x?n]
k9]sf] Joy{ 5 . Æ o;}n] dfS;{jfbL lrGtgsf lj?4 ;fd|fHojfbL slyt a'l4hLjLx?n]
pQ/ cfw'lgstfjfbL lrGtg wf/fnfO{ eP gePsf] ann] p5fn]/ juL{o d'QmL cfGbf]ngaf6
cfd a'l4hLjLx?sf] Wofg cGoq df]8\g nflu/x]sf ljljw vfn] if8oGqsf] e08fkmf]/ ug{
h?/L 5 .
&=! csf]{
;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgM zflGt cu|udg /
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf lj?4df ls|oflzn cfGtl/s tyf jfxo vf; u/L ;fd|fHojfbL
if8oGQx?sf] e08fkmf]/ ub}{ csf]{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj lgjf{w ?kdf lgwf{l/t
ldltdf ;dkGg ug{ / ;f] lgjf{rgdf Pdfcf]jfbLsf kIfdf ;/sf/ jgfpg k'Ug] jx'dt /
;+ljwfg jgfpg k'Ug] Ph]08f ldNg]x?nfO{ b'O{ ltxfO{ dt k|fKt ug}{ kg] cfhsf]
r'gf}lt xf] . o:tf] r'gf}lt v8f ePsf] ;Gbe{df jf]L4s ;d'bfosf] ;/f]sf/ ct'nlgo
/xG5 of] r'g}fltsf] ;fdgf ug{ ;s] dfq} gofF g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] ;+efjgfnfO{ ;fsf/
kfg{ ;lsg]5 .
&=@ ;dfg'kflts
;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd'ns ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] ;+:yfut ug]{ s'/f oltj]nfsf]
;jf{lws dxTjsf] ljifo xf] . cfh ;Ddsf s|flGtn] :yflkt u/]sf / k|fKt pknJwLx?
H;nfO{ hgjfbL s|flGtsf pknJwLsf ?kdf g} lng ;lsG5 ltgsf] /If fug]{ s'/f / ltgsf
;+:yfut ljsf; ug]{ s'/f oltj]nfsf] d’zVo
r'gf}lt xf] tL r'gf}ltsf] ;fdgf ug{ lgjf{rgs} bf}/fgdf cfd dtbftfx?nfO{ ;r]t kf/]/ / k'/} cfGbf]lnt kf/]/ dfq }
of] r'gf}ltsf] ;dfgf ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fdf ;+u7g ljZj:t 5 .
&=# klxrfg
;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf / ;+3Lotf ;lxtsf] /fHosf] k'g;{/rgfMclxn]
g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfx?sf] cu| udgsf] afws oyfl:yltjfbL / k|ltufdL ;f]r lrGtg /
k|j[lQ g} xf] . To;nfO{ ;dfKt gkf/];Dd g]kfnL hgtfsf s'g} klg ;d:ofx? xn x'g]
jfnf 5}g . u0ftGq ;+3Lotf wd{lg/k]Iftf / ;dfj]lztf h:tf dxTjk'0f{ pknJwLx?nfO{
;+:yfut ub}{ g]kfnsf cflbjf;L hghfltx?, blntx?, dWf];Lx?, dlxnfx? , d'lZnd /
pk]lIft If]qx?sf] ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg gu/L cfTdf lg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;lxt ;+l3o
k|0ffnL4f/f ;a}nfO{ ;Qfsf] cEof; u/fpFb} /fHo ;+rfngdf ;xefuL u/fpg ;s] dfq
af:tjLs gofF g]kfn agfpg ;lsg] ePsf] x'+bf g]kfnsf] cfd"n kl/jft{gsf/L
af}l4s ;d'bfo To; lbzf tkm{ k"0f{ cfTd ljZjf;sf ;fy pGd"v x'g' cfhsf]
cfjZostf xf] .
&=$ k|lt
qmflGts]f vt/fsf lj?4 lg/Gt/ s|flGt M
ljutdf ;dfhjfbL qmflGt ;DkGg ePsf d'n'sx? Klg
k|lts|flGTsf] lzsf/ ePsf pbfx/0fx? K|z:t} 5g\ ltgjf6 lzIff lnb} g]kfnL ;dfhdf
g]kfnL df]8]nsf] s|flGt ug]{ lbzfdf cl3 j9g / To;vfnsf] jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{
clef/f xfd|f] sfwdf klg cfPsf] 5 .
. To;}n]
af}l4s ;d'bfo olta]nf h;/L ;Dk'0f{ /fHo s|flGtsf/Lx?n] lhDdf lng] cj;/ glhs}
b]lvb}5 To;jf6 xfdL hlt pT;fxLt 5f} Tolt g} lrGtf ;Qf k|fKtL kl5 x'g] ;DefjLt
k|ltqmflGtaf6 ;r]t aGg' kg]{ / agfpg kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . To:f}n] lg/Gt/ s|flGtsf]
dfWod4f/f k|lts|flGtnfO{ /f]Sg] ;+oGqsf ?kdf of] ;+u7g pleg h?/L 5 . s|lGtleq
csf]{ s|flGt 5]8]/dfq k|lts|flGtnfO{ /f]Sg ;lsG5 eGg] dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{
;+u7g tbg's"nsf] of]hgf lgdf{0fdf h'6g h?/L 5 .
&=% ;+u7gnfO{ k/Dk/f wfGg] ;fwgsf ?kdf
jrfO{/fVg'sf] vf; cy{ x'b}g . ;+u7g sfdsfhL x'g h?/L 5 . o;sfnflu o; ;+u7gnfO{
af}l4s s]Gb|x?df s]lGb|t jgfpg] s'/fdf Wofg lbg h?/L 5 eg] dxf;+3Lo :j?kdf n}hfg]
k|s[ofsf] yfngLsf ?kdf ef}uf]lns k|ltlglwTj, ljz]if1tfsf] k|ltlglwTj / k]zfut
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ :j?kdf jbNg] s'/f ljz]if dxTjsf] /xg]5 . o;}u/L ljifout lj1tfsf
cfwf/df lhDd]jf/L jf8kmf8 ug]{ / tbg's'nsf] cg';Gwfg sfo{sf] yfngL ug]{
oltj]nfsf] vfrf] xf] .
*= pk;+xf/M
æcfˆgf] :jfy{df 7Ss/ nfUg vf]Hbf dflg;n]
a? /]vf ul0ftsf] k|d]ox?nfO{ r'gf}tL lbG5 t/ xtkt cfˆgf] :jfy{ 5f]8b}gÆ . eGg]
sfn{ dfS;{sf] Pp6f 3tnfUbf] cleJolQm cfh g]kfnL wtL{df b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . zf]ifs
ju{ cfˆgf] n'6sf] :ju{ hf]ufpg ;+;f/nfO{ u'xf/]/ Gjf/fg b]lvsf] an nufP/|lts[ofjfbLx?sf
k|lts|flTsf/L xs{tx?nfO{ k/f:t ug{ of]hgfj4 9+un] nfUof} eg] s'g} klg efjL
r'gf}tLnfO dxfg\ ;Defjgfdf abNg ;lsg] l:ylt 5 .
b]z / hgtfsf] d'lQmsf vflt/ ;+3if{ ubf{ xfdLn]
w]/} u'dfPsf 5f}+, xhf/f}+ cfkmGt lk|ohgx? u'dfPsf 5f}+, cËx? u'dfP/ c+ue+u
ePsf 5f}+ To;}n] o;k6s bl/nf d'7L p7fP/ o;} P]ltxfl;s kfrf} /fli6«o ;Dd]ngaf6
g]kfnL hgtfsf] clGtd lahosf] lglDt Pstfj4 e} g]kfnL hgtfsf] dg lhTg] cleofgdf xfdkmfNg]
k|ltj4tf hfx]/ u/f}+ . xfd|f ;fd' v8f ePsf r'gf}ltx?nfO{ cj;/df jbnf}+ .
klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf ;+3Lotf ;lxtsf]
;+ljwfg
g]kfn /fli6|o k|ultlzn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf]
cleofg .
jL/ zxLb – nfn ;nfd Û lj/ j]kQf of]4fx? nfn;nfd
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