;+ljwfg;efsf]
lgjf{rg ;fd' pkl:yt ;+efjgf / r'gf}ltx?
lvdnfn b]jsf]6f
k[i7e'ldM
cfufld d+l;/ rf/ ut]sfnflu tf]lsPsf]
csf]{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsfnflu lgjf{rg sfo{s|d ;fj{hlgs e};s]sf] 5 . b'ef{Uojz
P]ltxfl;s ;+ljwfg;efjf6 ;+ljwfg hf/L ug{ ;lsPg . kl/jt{gsf kIfw/ / kl/jt{gsf
lj/f]wLx?sf jLrdfsf] l5gfemK6Lsf r]k'jfdf ;+ljwfg;ef zlxb eof] . ;+ljwfg jgfpg
ul/Psf] lgjf{rgn] ;+ljwfg jgfpgsfnflu lj; k|ltztdfq ;do vr{ u/of] c;L k|ltzt
;do ;/sf/ jgfpg / 9fNgsfnflu g} vr{ u/of] . ;+ljwfg hf/L x'g] cj:yfdf ;xdlt jGg
;s]g To;} jvt cbfntsf] x:tIf]ksf sf/0f Dofb lglZrt ePsf] lyof] tf]lsPsf]
Dofbleq of t ;+ljwfg hf/L ug{ kg]{ To;sfnflu ;xdlt x'g kg]{ ;xdlt geP
;+ljwfg;ef :jt ;dfKt x'g] To;kl5 /fhg}lts ;+j}wflgs z'GotfnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{sfnflu
csf]{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg 3f]if0ff u/]/} eP klg 8f jfj'/fd e66/fO{ g]t[Tjsf]
;/sf/n] ;+j}wflgs z'Gotf / /fi6|kltsf] kbfjlw yfldlbg] sfd u/of] .
ljifo
k|j]zM
t/ ljgfzsfn] ljkl/t j'l4 eg]em} afa'/fd
;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lgjf{rgdf efu lnO{lbPsf] eP cfh xfdL gof ;+ljwfg
jgfO{sg klg csf]{ lgjf{rgsf jf/]df 5nkmn ul//fv]sf x'g] lyof} . t/ ;f]
lgjf{rgdf efu glng] s]xL bnx?sf] x7sf sf/0fn] ;f] lgjf{rg ;+ej ePg . oBlk Tof]
x7 cfh klg sfod 5 vfnL kfq km]l/Psf5g\ . t;y{ ljkIfLx?s} cfu|xdf :jtGq lgikIf
lgjf{rgsfnflu k|wfgGofolwzsf] g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/ nfO{ ;Qfsf] jfu8f]/ ;'Dk]/
lgjf{rgsf] dfxf}n jgfpg sf]lz; ePsf] xf] . lgjf{rg ;+ej t'nofpgsfnflu
sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;/sf/ Psk6s kbfjlw ;dfln;s]sfx?s} lgjf{rg cfof]udf k'g/jxfnL o;s}
k|oTg x'g olt ubf{ klg r'gfj ;+ej ePg eg] / of] jf Tof] jfxfgfdf r'gfj ;fg]{
sfd ul/of] eg] g]kfndf r'gfj eGg] lrh ;fob c:tfp5 xf]nf . o:tf] cj:yfdf ePsf]
lgjf{rgsf] rrf{ otlj]nfsf] d'Vo ljifo xf] . ToxL lgjf{rgsf cfklxfo{tf /
r'gf}ltsf jf/]df rrf{ ug]{ k|of; o; cfn]vdf ul/Psf] 5 .
lgjf{rg ug]{ / lgjf{lrt ;+ljwfg;ef
dfkm{t u0ftGq ;+3Lotf wd{lg/k]Iftf / ;dfj]lztf h:tf ljifox? ;+:yfut ug{
rfxg]x?sfnflu 3fflgjf{rg 3f]lift ldltdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{ g;s]
/fli6|o :jflwgtfdf g} vt/f k}bf x'g] Pdfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08sf] egfO{
;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj 3f]lift ldltdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj ug{ clgjfo{ ePsf] 5 t/
hf] hgo'4 hgcfGbf]ng / dw]z cfGbf]ngsf pknJwLx? ;+:yfut ePsf] x]g{ rfxb}g pgLx?
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg k|lt Tolt u+le/ 5}gg\ . cem sltko t of] lgjf{rgnfO{ Wj:t
kfg]{ of]hgf klg jgfPsf] ;dfrf/ cfpg] u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] r]k'jfdf k/]sf]
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg g]kfnL ljlzi7tfsf] clgjfo{ cfjzostf jGg k'u]sf] 5 .
clwsf+zsf ljrf/df lgjf{rg hgtfsf]
clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ ;fwg jg]sf] 5 sltkon] o;}nfO{ l;SsLdLs/0fsf] vt/f klg
b]v]sf5g\ hgtf jlnof] eP/ b]z sdhf]/ b'lgofdf slx ePsf] 5}g g]kfndf klg ;+ej
5}g j? hgtfsf] zlQmdf ljZjf; gug]{ k'j{/fhfx?df / k'j{ kGrx?df e/ ug]{ j'l4n]
/fli6|otfdf vt/f kg]{ 5 .
;+ljwfg;efsf]
lgjf{rg cfhsf] clgjfo{ cfjZostfM
g]kfndf cfh ;Dddf 5 j6f ;+ljwfg jlg;s]
t/ ;j} ;+ljwfg hgtfsf lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx?n] jgfPsf 5}gg\ . hj;Dd hgtf cfkm'
zfl;t x'g] b:tfj]h cfkm} jf cfkmgf k|ltlglw dfkm{t n]Vg] clwsf/sf] k|of]u ug{
;Sb}gg tj ;Dd cfkmgf] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] Jojxfl/s k|of]u u/]sf] / ug{ kfPsf] 7xl/g]
5}g . To;}n] of] lgs} dxTjsf] ljifo xf] . To;sf/0f g]kfnL hgtf cfkm' ;fj{ef}d
jGg] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] kIfdf 5g\ hgtf r'gfj rfxG5g\ .
g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df xfdL ;+ljwfg gePsf
sf/0fn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{sfnflu ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ug{ vf]h]sf x}gf}
xfdL;+u ;+ljwfgx? lxhf] klg lyP / cfh klg 5b}5g\ t/ o; k6ssf] of] ;+ljwfg;efsf]
lgjf{rgnfO{ 4Gb Joj:yfkgsf] dfWodsf ?kdf klg lnOPsf] 5 . To;sf/0f klg o;sf]
ckl/xfo{tf / clgjfo{tf b'j} k'li6 ePsf] 5 .
;+ljwfg;efsf] kIf jf ljkIfdf d'n's
jfl8Psf] lyof] ;+ljwfg;ef nf]stGqsf] kof{o jf cft+ssf/Lx?sf] Ph]08fdf klg jx;
ePs} xf] . ;+ljwfg ;ef eg] jfkt cft+ssf/L 7xl/g] / cft+ssf/L ePs} sf/0fn] bzf}
xhf/sf] Hofg lnPsf] klg lyof] bzf} xhf/sf] Hofg lnPsf] of] 4Gbsf] ;dfwfgsf]
ljGb' ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg g} ePsf] lyof] ;+ljwfg;ef :jLsf/ u/]s} sf/0fn]
4Gbsf] ?kfGt/0fsf] dfu{ k|z:t ePsf] xf] To;sf/0f klg 4Gb ;dfwfg / zflGt
rfxg]x?sfnflu ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg / lgjf{lrt ;+ljwfg;efjf6 gof ;+ljwfg
ckl/xfo{ cfjzos ljifo jGg k'u]sf]5 .
;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t jGg] gof ;+ljwfg
u0ftGq ;+:yfut ug]{ b:tfj]h klg xf] . kl/jt{gsf Ph]08f ;+:yfut ug]{ klg b:tfj]h
xf] . cGtl/d ;+ljwfg cGtl/d cjlwsfnflu g} xf] ;b}j cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] b]z rNg klg
;Sb}g rnfpg vf]Hg klg x'b}g oBlk xfd|f] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg ;+ljwfg;efjf6 csf]{
;+ljwfg gjGbf;Ddsfnflu zf;g ;+rfng ug]{ b:tfj]h eg] xf] . oxL b:tfj]hn]
d'n'ssf] /fhg}lts k|0ffnL cfly{s k|0ffnL ;'/Iff k|0ffnL / j}b]lzs gLlt ;d]tsf
ljifodf lbzf lgb]{z ug]{ sfd klg ub{5 . ;fdGtjfbsf cjz]ifx?nfO{ cGt ub}{
;dfhnfO{ k'lhjfbLs/0f ub}{ ;dfhjfbdf k|j]z u/fpg] b:tfj]h klg oxL b:tfj]h xf]
To;}n] oltsf dxTj jf]s]sf] b:tfj]h tof/ ug]{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ljkIfdf
sd;]sd oltsf dxTj j'emg]x?sfnflu pleg] 7fp 5}g . To;sf/0f klg ;+ljwfg;efsf]
lgjf{rg clgjfo{ / ckl/xfo{ jGg k'u]sf] xf] .
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf lj?4 v8f ePsf
Jojwfgx?M
;+ljwfg;efsf] clgjfo{tf / o;sf]
ckl/xfo{tfsf jf/]df hlt rrf{ u/]= klg sd} xG5 hf] lrh cfm}df k|i6 5 To;sfnfo{
s'g} cfwf/ lng klg / ;f]sf] cfjZostf clgjfo{tf / jfWotfsf jf/]df rrf{ ul//fVg
klg kb}{g . tyflk sltko dflg;x? hf] lxhf] g} Hofg hfnf ;+ljwfg;ef dflgb}g eGy]
sltko dflg;x? gfs sf6]/ kftdf /fvf}nf ;+ljwfg;efjf6 ;+ljwfg jGg lbO{Gg eGy] tL
dflg;x? h;n] bzf} xhf/sf] Hofg lng tof/ eP ;+ljwfg;ef ?rfPgg\ ltgLx? Km]l/
Psk6s ToxL cfkmgf] k'/fgf] nf]nLdf jf]nL yKg tlNng 5g\ . ltgsf] tlNngtf t lxh}
kl/If0f ePs} xf] To;n] vf; km/s kfg]{ 5}g t/ ;d:of lxhf] ;+ljwfg;efsfflu bzf}
xhf/sf] jlnbfg lbg tof/ ePsf] lxhf] u0ftGqsfnflu jlnj]bLdf xf]ldg tof/ ePs}
dWosf g]tf sfo{stf{x? klg ;+ljwfg;ef / u0ftGqsf] ljkIfdf b]lvg] u/L cleJolQm
lbb} ubf{ lj8Djgf klg / Jojwfg klg x'g] b]lvPsf]5 o:tf] xs{t sd;]sd ge}lbP
x'GYof] eGg] hgtfsf] cledt 5 .
/fli6|o tyf cGt/fli6|o zlQmx? Cfkmgf]
;+ljwfg ;+ljwfg;efjf6 gjg]sf] hgtfsf] k'/} / tfhf hgdtjf6 cg'df]bg gePsf] b]Vbf
b]Vb} g]kfn h:tf] d'n's h;n] @! Cf} ztfJbLsf] bf]>f] bzsdf hgtfsf] k'/f cledtsf;fy
gof ;+ljwfg jgfpg] Nofst /fVg] h;sf sf/0f cfkmgf] sb 36g] kf] xf] ls eGg] cJoQm
leqL cfzon] klg st} g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg;efk|lt Tolt w]/} pT;'s gb]lvPsf] kf] xf]
ls eGg] klg lh1fzfx? B]lvPsf 5g\ olb of] ;To xf] eg] ;+ljwfg;efsf]
lgjf{rgsfnflu csf]{ Jojwfgsf ?kdf b]vf kg]{5 .
lgisif{
o;sf] cfjzostf / clgjfo{tfsf t'ngfdf
o;nfO{ ;fy{s t'Nofpg ul/g] k|oTg sfdofjL / kof{Kt gePs} x'g of] k|j[lQ klg sd
xflgsf/s / Jojwfgsf] ?kdf g/x]sf] xf]O{g o;sfnflu /fli6|o / cGt/fli6|o ;j}
zlQmx? lhDd]jf/ xf]nfg\ . h] ;'s} xf]; ljutsf] ;+ljwfg;efn] ;+ljwfg lbg ;s]g
;f] sf k5fl8 ;j} lhDd]jf/ 5g\ klxrfg;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf :jLsf/ gug]{ d'Vo ?kdf
lhDd]jf/ xf]nfg To;sf ;fy;fy} klxrfgnfO{ cltdf j'emg] k|j[lQ xf]; jf ut r}q @*
ut] hf/L x'g] ;+ljwfg hnfP/ kf6L{ k'm6fpg tDtof/ /x]sf] j}B ;d'x xf]; jf
;+ljwfg;efsf] j}7s g} gj;fNg] ;efWoIf / j}7s j:g glbg] c? bn hf] ;'s}n] h] ;'s}
e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf eP klg ;+ljwfg gjgfpgdf lhDd]jf/ ePs} x'g . g]kfnL
;dfh / ;+ljwfg;efsf] x/]s :6]sxf]N8/x? lt ;sf/fTds xf]pg jf gsf/fTds h] ;'s} eP
klg cfh ;+ljwfg;efsf jf/]df h] h] e'ldsf lgjf{x ul/of] To;k|lt kZrftfksf]
If0fdf k'u]sf5g\ . klxrfg;lxtsf] ;+3LotfnfO{ hftLo /fHodf j'emg] x'g jf hftLo
/fHonfO{ dfq} klxrfgsf] cy{df j'emg] ;j} kIfn] lxhf] o;sf gfddf h] h] sfd ul/of] o:t} kl/0ffd cfp5 eGg] yfx ePsf] eP
To;f] ul/g] lyPg eGg] 7fpdf k'u]sf] cfefif x'G5 . cj ToxL cfTd;flts/0fnfO{
cj k'g gbf]xf]/fofpg] k|ltj4tf JoQm ug]{ xf] eg] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg klg ;+ej
5 / gof ;+ljwfg klg ;+ej 5 . oxL ;+efjgfsf] hudf gof g]kfn gof ;+ljwfg dfkm{t ;+ej
5 To;}nfO{ g} Ps z'qLo ofqfsf] k|:yfg ljGb' jgfp o;}df b]z hgtf / ;j}sf] lxt
lglxt 5 .
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