cu|ufld
?kfGt/0fsf] cleofgdf af}l4s ;d'bfosf] sfo{ef/jf/]
lvdnfn
b]jsf]6f
g]kfn /fli6|o k|ultlzn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf]
Pstfsf] kfrf} /fli6|o ;Dd]ng O{ltxf;s} cToGt hl6n / r'gf}lt / ;+efjgfx?sf jLrdf
;DkGg eof] / o;n] cfkmgf] O{ltxf;df g} ;+emgfnfos x'g] u/L /fli6|o / cGt/fli6|o
dxTj / k|efj /fVg] vfnsf] x'g] u/L b]zleqsf /fhgLltsf d'Vo v]nf8Lx? / ljZj
/+udGrsf klg plQs} k|efjsf/L v]nf8Lx?sf] hd36 Pp6} d+rdf u/fpg] sfd u/of] .
pb3f6g sfo{s|dsf jvt pkl:yt kfx'gfx?sf] ;+jf]wg dGtJo lgs} dd{:kzL{ lyof] .
lgoldt / k/dk/fut vfnsf cf}krfl/s efif0fx?nfO{ tf]8b} ;fRr} af}l4s ;d'bfon]
v]Ng] e"ldsfsf jf/]df rrf{ / k|lzIf0f eof] eg] cGt/fli6|o ;d'bfosf tkm{jf6
oltj]nfsf] cGt/fli6|o kl/l:ylt / g]kfnn] v]Ng] e'ldsfsf jf/]df rrf{ eof] eg]
g]kfn / cGt/fli6|o ;d'bfo jLrsf] ;DjGwsf jf/]df klg rrf{ eof] ;fydf g]kfnL
s|flGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] jf/]df s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLn] v]Ng] e"ldsfsf] jf/]df
klg ;ldIff eof] eg] g]kfn a'l4hLjL ;+u7g;+u ldn]/ sfd ug{ rfx]sf] klg O{R5f JoQm
u/] o;n] nfdf] ;dob]lv yflt /x]sf] ;+u7gsf] ;Dd]ng nufotsf ultljlwx?nfO{ phf{
g} lbg] u/L dxTjk'0f{ pknJwL xfl;n ePsf] 5 .
b]z leqsf] /fhgLltsf] s'/f ubf{ klg
l:ylt lgs} hl6n df]8df g} 5 . P]ltxfl;s ?kdf k|fKt ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] cjlwjf6
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f x'g g;sL cj;fg ePsf sf/0fn] csf]{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;+3f/df
g} 5, ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] cGt e} u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 t/ To;nfO{ gof ;+ljwfg
dfkm{t ;+:yfut ug]{ sfo{ef/ jfsL 5 . nfdf] ;do;Ddsf] PsfTds /fHo ;+/rgfsf] cGt
:jfoQtf :jzf;g / cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;lxtsf] klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotfsf]
;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ePsf] 5 To;nfO{ klg ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yfkg ug{ jf+sL 5 . wd{
lg/k]Iftf / ;dfj]lztfsf] cj:yfnfO{ klg ;+:yfut ug{ jfsL g} 5 . ;du|df ;dfj]zL
;dfg'kflts / ;xeflutfd'ns ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq oltj]nfsf] k'lhjfbL s|flGtsf]
dxTjk'0f{ sfo{ef/ xf] hf] k'/f ug{ kg]{ cj:yfdf 5 . ;fy;fy} cfly{s s|flGt ljgf
k|fKt /fhg}lts pknJwLx?nfO{ hf]ufpg / ;+:yfut ug{ klg ;+ej 5}g eGg] lgisif{sf
;fy Pdfcf]jfbLn] pTkfbg / lgdf{0fsfnflu ;+3if{ kf6L{ /0fgLltsf] gof cfofd s}
?kdf cufl8 ;f/]sf] cj:yf 5 . o:tf] 38Ldf s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?n] v]Ng kg]{
e"ldsfsf jf/]df ;+If]kdf rrf{ ug]{ k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 .
g]kfnL
;dfh jblnP/ k'lhjfbf]Gd'v ePsf]5 M
g]kfnL ;dfh
oltj]nf klg ljut ;f7L jif{ h:t} cw{ ;fdGtL / cw{ cf}klgj]lzs g} 5 jf dxfg
hgo'4sf] jndf ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng ;d]tsf] ;fy ;xof]udf u0ftGq ;+3Lotf
wd{lg/k]Iftf / ;dfj]lztf h:tf pknJwLx? xfl;n e};s]kl5 jblnPsf] 5 < eGg]
jf/]df oflGqs / h8z'lqo b[li6sf]0fn] oyfjt 5 eG5 t/ ef}ltsjfbL dfS;{jfbL /
s|flGtsf/L cfzfjflbtfsf b[li6n] cfwf/e"t kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 eG5 / g]kfnL ;dfh
oltj]nf ljutsf] eGbf km/s cj:yfdf 5 eGg] s'/f :jLsf/ ub{5 . t;y{ cfhsf] g]kfn
cfly{s /fhg}lts b[li6n] ;fdGtL cjz]if ;lxtsf] bnfn gf]s/zfxL k'hLjfbL / hgtfsf]
hgjfbL zlQmsf jLrdf ;Qfsf] l5gfemK6L rln/x]sf] k'hLjfbf]Gd'v tyf gj pklgj]zjfbL
zlQm / /fli6|o zlQmsf jLrdf rsf]{ ;+3if{ ;lxt :jflwgtf tkm{ pGd'v ;+s|d0fsflng
P]ltxfl;s k|s[ofsf jLrjf6 cufl8 jl9/x]sf] 5 eGg] dfGotfnfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5 . o;/L
g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/qdf cfPsf] jbnfjsf jf/]df hgtfdf k|rf/ ug]{ / k|lzIfLt ug]{
e"ldsf s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?n] lgjf{x ug{ kg]{ ePsf] 5 .
ljrf/df :ki6 x'g} kg]{ ePsf] 5 M
dfly pNn]v
ul/Pcg';f/ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] jblnPsf] rl/q cg';f/ s|flGtsf sfo{gLlt / /0fgLltdf
kl/jt{g ug{ h?/L ePsf] 5 ;f] ug{ g;Sg]x? uf]nrSs/df km:5g\ / l;l4G5g\ t;y{
oltj]nfsf] jblnPsf] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/q cg';f/ cjsf] ;+3if{sf] :j?k
pkl/;+/rgfdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ cfwf/ jbNg h?/L 5 cfwf/ jbNg]
eg]sf] pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf jbNg] eg]sf] xf] To;sf/0f cfly{s a[l4 :jlwg / /li6|o
k'lh ;lxtsf] cfly{s ljsf; h;n] pTkfbg ;DjGw / pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf xfjL /x]sf] bnfn
/ g]fs/zfxL ju{sf] g]t[Tj / jr{:j /x]sf] g]kfnL cy{tGqdf ;+3if{sf] cf/De ug]{ 5
bnfn / gf]s/zfxL k'hLsf lj?4 ;+3if{ u/]/ dfq} /fli6|o / :jflwg cy{tGqsf] ljsf;
ug]{5 o; vfnsf] j}rfl/s :ki6tfsf] vfrf] g]kfnL ;dfhn] vf]h]sf] 5 o; jf/]df
jf}l4s If]qn] hgtfdf :ki6 kfb}{ pTkfb / lgdf{0fsf lglDt ;+3if{sf jf/]df dfS;{jfbLo
cjwf/0ff ;lxtsf yk c? rl/qx? s] s] x'g o;sf k|efjx? S:tf slt / sltxb;Dd k|efj
kfg{ ;Sg] :t/sf x'g]5g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ klg jx; / cWoog Pj+ cg';Gwfg u/L gof
tYodf k'Ug ;xof]u ug{ kg]{ ePsf] 5 .
tTsflng sfo{ef/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;kmn kfg'{ x'g]5
M
oltj]nf g]kfnL
;dfhsf] jblnPsf] rl/q cg';f/sf] s|flGtsf] sfo{ef/sf ?kdf k|fKt pknJwLx?nfO{
;+:yfut ug]{ lhDd]jf/L g} kb{5 . o;sfnflu klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf ;+3Lotf
;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg ;+ljwfg;efjf6} ;+ljwfg tfTsflns sfo{g}lts gf/f x'g k'u]sf] 5 .
of] sfo{ef/ k'/f x'gf;fy k'hLjfbL hgjfbL s|flGtsf] dxTjk'0f{ lx:;f k'/f x'g] /
jfsL so{ef/ k'/f ug]{ cfwf/ lgdf{0f x'g] cy{t jfsL sfo{ef/ k'/f ub}{ ;dfhjfbL
s|flGtsf] cfwf/ tof/ kfb}{ ;dfhjfbL s|flGtsf] yfngL x'g] 7fpdf g]kfnL s|flGt
k'Ug] ub{5 . o; vfnsf] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljsf;s|d;+u} ljsl;t ePsf] g]kfnL
s|flGtsf] dfu{lrqnfO{ g]kfnL hgtfsf jLrdf k|rf/ ug]{ sfo{ef/ s|flGtsf/L
a'l4hLjLx?sf] g} x'g] ub{5 .
;+ljwfg;efdf >]i7tf xfl;n ug{ kg]{ ePsf]5
G]fkfnL s|flGtsf]
dfu{lrq h;/L cufl8 j9]sf]5 To;} cg'?k s|flGtsf sfo{of]hgfx? lgdf{0f ug{ h?/L 5
. o;sfnflu s|flGtsf] sfo{gLlts} ?kdf /x]sf] lgjf{rgdf >]i7tf xfl;n ug{
clgjfo{ ePsf] 5 . cfkmgf] sfo{gLlt ;kmn kfg{ ;lsPg / cfkm}n] to u/]sf] dfu{lrq
k5ofpg ;lsPg eg] / cfkm}n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] nIf k|fKt ug{ ;lsPg eg] s|flGtsf
/0fgLlt / sfo{gLltx?n] ;kmntf k|fKt ug]{ k|Zg g} x'b}g . To;}n] s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?sf] oltj]nfsf]
sfo{ef/ lgjf{rgdf Pdfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgjf{rgdf cu|:yfgdf k'/ofpgsfnflu x/ t/xn]
nfuL kg]{ g} x'g]5 . o;f] ug{ ;Sbf ;+ljwfg;efjf6 ;+ljwfg klg hf/L x'g] / ;f]
;+ljwfg klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf / ;+3Lotf ;lxtsf] g} x'g] kSsf 5 . o;f] ul/;Sbf
kf6L{ dxflwj]zgn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] tfTsflng sfo{gLlt ;kmn x'g]5 h;n] s|flGtsf]
/0fgLltnfO{ g} ;3fp k'/ofpg]5 .
dWojlt{ tKsfsf] dg lhTg} kg]{ cj:yf 5 M
g]kfnL ;dfhsf]
cfsf/ s|flGtsfndf dfcf]n] lrlgof ;dfhsf] JoVof u/] h:t} 3fDkf] cfsf/sf] 5 . lkwsf]
efu klg ;f3'/f] 3f6L klg ;f3'/f] jLrsf] efu k'ms]sf] cyf{t lkwsf] efu ;j{xf/f
ju{ klg l;ldt d'vsf] efu ;fdGtL ju{ klg l;ldt clg ljrsf] efu 3ofDkf] cfsf/sf]
hf] dWojlt{ tKsf xf] p;sf] jfx'Notf /x]sf] 5 t;y{ jfx'No /x]sf] dWojlt{
tKsfnfO{ ghLltsg r'gfj lhTg ;lsb}g . dWojlt{ tKsfsf] dg lhTg] u/L sfo{of]hgf
lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sbf dfq} lgjf{rg lhTg ;lsG5 o;sfnflu af}l4s tKsf cufl8 gj9g] xf]
eg] of] sfd ;+ej 5}g . t;y{ s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?n] o; tkm{ u+le/ e} cfkmgf]
sfo{ef/ ;Dkgg ug{ h?/L 5 .
;fdflhs ;Qfsf] k|of]u ug{ cl3 ;g'{kg]{ ePsf]5 M
/fhg}lts ;Qf /
;fdflhs ;Qf x/]s ;dfhdf Tolts} dxTjsf;fy cfkmgf] k|efj zf;g ;+rfngdf k|efljt
kfg]{ u/]sf5g\ . /fhg}lts ;Qfdf /fhg}lts bnsf] k|efj /x]g u5{ / cf}krfl/s ?kdf
zf;g /fhg}lts ;Qfn] g} ;+rfng ub{5 / ;lbof}b]lvsf] ;dfh ;fdflhs ;Qfsf dfWodjf6
;+rfngdf /xL cfPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs ;Qfsf ;+rfnsx? eg]sf af}l4s tKsfx? X'g k]zfut
;d'xx? g} x'g . g]kfnL s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx? ;fdflhs ;Qfsf lx:;]bf/ ePsf x'gfn]
;fdflhs ;Qfsf] k|of]u ub}{ o;sf] >]i7tf xfl;n ug{df of]ubfg ug{ kg]{ j]nf
cfPsf] 5 . o;f] eof] eg] dfq} s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?n] k|of]u u/]sf] ;fdflhs
;Qfsf] k|efjsf sf/0fn] ;+ljwfg;efdf kl/jt{gsf/L bn Pdfcf]jfbLsf] >]i7tf
xfl;n x'g]5 .
lj/f]wLx?sf b'ik|rf/sf] v08gug{ ;Ifd x'gkg]{ ePsf]5 M
lgjf{rgsf] k/Dk/f
t]>f] ljZjsf d'n'sx?df Tolt w]/} /fd|f] 5}g g]kfn To;sf] k|ltlglw d'n's g}
x'g] ub{5 hxf ;j} xys08f k|of]u ul/G5 . lgjf{rg ;fd bfd b08 e]bn] lhTg] ul/Psf]
/ o;} tYon] :yflkt ePsf] klg w]/} k'/fgf] ePsf] 5}g . cj t dgL, d;n, ldl8of,
dflkmof nufotsf dfnk|flS6;]; / o;}sfnflu dWojlt{ tKsfsf] b'?kof]u vt/gfs
pbfx/0f jg]sf5g\ . ltgsf] cfwf/df hgtfdf e|d kfg]{ / lgjf{rg lhTg] cfwf/ jg]sf
klg 5g\ . o;vfnsf] b'?kof]u hgtfsf] cfwf/ u'dfO{;s]sfx?n] g} ug]{ ub{5g\ . t/
o;sf] k|efj unt 9+un] hgtfdf kg{ uof] eg] o;n] lgjf{rg / ;f]sf] kl/0ffddf kg]{
vt/f k}bf x'G5 t;y{ o;vfnsf k|efjjf6 hgtfnfO{ hf]ufP/ /fVg / lj/f]wLx?n] u/]sf
o; vfnsf xs{tx?sf] v08g ug{ klg a'l4hLjLx?sf] e'ldsf cy{k'0f{ x'G5 . t;y{
o;nfO{ cfkmg} e"ldsf 7fg]/ cfufl8 j9g h?/L ePsf] 5 .
;'rgf k|fKtL / ljZn]if0fdf hf]8 ug{kg]{ ePsf]5
Af}fl4s ;d'bfo
;'rgfsf >f]t klg x'g . ;xL ;'rgf / ;f]sf cfwf/df ul/g] ljZn]if0fn] dfq}
kl/0ffd 7Ls 7fpdf Nofpg] ub{5 . w]/} xb;Dd /fHon] jgfPsf of]hgfx? c;kmn x'gfsf
sf/0fx? dWo unt ;'rgf / unt ;'rgfsf cfwf/df ePsf] ljZn]if0f / ;f]xL cfwf/df
x'g] sfo{Gjogn] c;kmntf jfx]s c? lrh xft nfUb}g t;y{ s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?
;'rgf ;+sng ug]{ ;f] ;'rgf ;xL x'g kg]{ / ;f] ;xL ;'rgfsf cfwf/df ul/g]
ljZn]if0f / lgisif{sf cfwf/df tof/ kfl/g] of]hgf / ;f] of]hgfsf cfwf/df k|fKt
x'g] kl/0ffd ;'vb g} x'g]5 . t;y{ s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?n] cfkmgf] o; vfnsf]
dxTjnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ cl3 j9g h?/L 5 .
:ki6 jQmfsf] e"ldsfsf] ;b'kof]u ug{kg]{ ePsf]5 M
oBlk obfsbf
dfS;{jfbLx? Af}fl4s tKsfnfO{ s|flGtsfnflu 9'nd'n] rl/q ePsf] jf e/ ug{ g;lsg]
zlQmsf ?kdf JofVof ulG5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df o;nfO{ emg} rsf]{ ?kdf x]g]{ ul/G5
t/ ;f/ t / kl/0ffdtMaf}l4s tKsfsf] e"ldsf To:tf] sbflk x'g] u/]sf] kfO{b}g
. dfS;{jfbLx? kl/0ffddf ljZjf; ub{5g\ To;}n] ;+;f/ e/Lsf s|flGtsf/L
cfGbf]ngx?df af}l4s ;d'bfonfO{ oxL / o:t} ;sf/fTds k|efjsf ?kdf k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] kfO{G5 . hgtfsf jLrdf cfkmgf s'/f
:ki6;+u /fVg ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf sf/0fn] g} a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ o; vfnsf sfdsfnflu
/f]Hg] ul/G5 . o;sf ;fy ;fy} sltko dfdnfdf ljZjf; cfh{g u/]sf ;fdflhs ;Qfsf
;+rfns ePsf sf/0fn] pgLx?sf] s'/f hgtfn] ;'Gg ?rfp5 of] dxTjnfO{ cfTd;ft u/L
g]kfnL s|flGtsf/Lx? klg af}l4s tKsfsf] of] cx+ dxTjsf] e"ldsfnfO{ klg
pkof]u ug{ kl5 x6g x'b}g eg] s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx? Klg o; vfnsf] cfkmgf] ul/df
/ dxTjjf6 cgle1 /xg x'b}g . :ki6 jQmfsf] ljlzi6 u'0f / Ifdtf ePsf s|flGtsf/L
a'l4hLjLx?n] o; vfnsf] ljlzi7 1fg / Ifdtfsf] e/k'/ pko]fu ug{ cufl8 j9g h?/L 5
h;n] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0fdf pNn]Vo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{5 .
ljjfb ;dfwfgsf cfwf/ klxrfg / ;dfwfg lbgkg]{ ePsf]5 M
ljjfb / 4Gbsf w]/}
sf/0fx? x'g] ub{5g\ . ;j} ljjfbx?sf] cfwf/ ;dfg ?kdf / lg/k]If ?kdf j}1flgs
x'b}gg / j}rfl/s jf /fhg}lts jf bfz{lgs klg x'b}gg . o;f] x'bf x'b} klg tL
ljjfbx?n] ;fdfhdf ck'/0fLo Iflt klg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . h;sf jf/]df w]/} dflg;x?
bnx? / ;+:yfx?n] Vofn u/]sf] kfO{b}g . vf;u/L ljjfbx?sf] >f]tsf ?kdf [Lack of Knowledgw_c1fgtf k|d'v x'g]
u/]sf] 5 eg] [Miss information or half information]unt ;'rgf jf cw{
;'rgfsf cfwf/df jgfO{g] wf/0ff klg ljjfbsf] csf]{ vt/gfs >f]t xf] . t;y{
c1fgtf jf unt 1fgdf cfwfl/t ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ltgnfO{ 1fg lbg] ;xL 1fg lbg] /
k'/f 1fg lbg] jfx]s csf]{ x'g} ;Sb}g . o;f] ug{ af}l4s ;d'bfo jfx]s c? s;}n]
ug{ ;Sb}g . t;y{ o; vfnsf] e"ldsfdf cfkm'nfO{ v/f] ptfg{ klg s|flGtsf/L
a'l4hLjLn] 5f]8g x'b}g . o;sf ;fy} o;} cfwf/df l;h{gf ePsf ljjfbx?nfO{ ;xL
;'rgf jf 1fg k|bfg u/]/ ;dfwfg x'g] ePsfn] af}l4s ;d'bfo ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] cfwf/
klg jGg]5g\ .
k|fljlws Pj+ ljz]if1o'Qm tof/L ug{ kg]{ ePsf]5 M
cNk ljsl;t jf
t]>f] ljZjsf ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sx?df /fhgLlts bnx? d'ne"t ?kdf /fhg}lts
dfdnfdf dfq} s]lGb|t x'g] u/]sf] kfO{G5 . /fhg}lts dfdnfdf dfq} s]lGb|t x'g]
ubf{ k|fljlws Pj+ ljz]if1tfo'Qm If]qdf Vofn gk'Ubf kl/0ffddf xftnfUof] z'Go
x'g] cj:yfdf k'Ug] u/]sf] kfO{G5 . To;df klg s|flGtsf/L /fhg}lts bnx? s|flGtsf]
k|s[ofjf6 cfPsf] bndf of] k|j[lQ cem} j9L xfjL 5 . nfdf] ;dob]lv ;fd bfd b08
e]b df cEo:t /fhg}lts bnx?;+u} k|lt:kwf{ ug{ kg]{ cj:yfdf o; ljwfdf Vofn gug]{
sf/0fn] ck]lIft kl/0ffd xft gnfu]sf] cj:yf 5 . o;jf6 e]fUg kg]{ kl/0ffd
ef]lu;s]sf] cj:yf 5 / 3f6f klg ef]lu;s]sf] cj:yf 5 To;sf/0f cj km]l/ k6s k6s
3f6f Joxf]g]{ sfd bf]xf]/ofpg x'b}g . o; tkm{ klg s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?n]
j]n}df Vofn k'/ofpg] / cfkmgf] e'ldsf vf]Hg] / lgjf{x ug]{ sfd ug{ h?/L 5 .
/0fgLlts k|lt/f]wstf{sf] e"ldsf v]Ngkg]{ ePsf]5 M
G]fkfnL ;dfh
oyfl:ylt / kl/jt{gsf] bf];femdf / 4Gbdf cndlnPsf] 5 . O{ltxf;sf sfnv08df
hltj]nf kl/jt{gsf/Lx? Psh'6 eP kl/jt{gn] d't{ ?k lng] / oyfl:yltjfbLx? xfjL /x]
k|fKt pknJwLnfO{ klg w/fkdf kfg]{ ul/Psf] 36gfx? X'g] u/]sf5g\ . oyfl:yltjfbLx?
xfjL e Peg] pgLx?n] kl/jt{gnfO{ /f]Sg dfq} x}g k|ltudgdf kmsf{pg]x?nfO{
k|f]T;fxg klg ug]{ u/]sf5g\ t;y{ o; vfnsf] l:ylt cfd ?kdf b]vf kg]{ u/]sf]
x'gfn] s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?n] ;bf ;j{bf k|ltufld / oyfl:yltjfbLx?sf lj?4 hd]/
k|lt/f]w ug]{ e"ldsf v]Ng tof/ x'g kb{5 . s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?
oyfl:yltjfbL k|ltufldx?sf lj?4 of]hgfj4 9+un] nfUg / k|lt/f]w ug]{
dfgl;stfsf;fy cl3 j9g h?/L 5 .
lgisif{M
cflv/ dfS;{jfb ;dsflng b'lgofsf] ;To
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b'j} vfn] e"ldsfnfO{ gsfg{ ;lsb}g To;}n] af}l4s cEof; ug'{ jf a'l4hLjL
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u5{ jf p;sf] af}l4stf s'g ju{sf] ;]jfdf vr{ ub{5 Tof] dxTjsf] ljifo xf] To;}n]
sf]xL af}l4s x'gf;fy uj{ ug]{ jf s;}n] a'l4hLjL eGgf;fy gfs v'DRofpg kg]{ jf
pgLx? Cj;/jfbL x'G5g jf s|flGtsfnflu e/ kbf]{ zlQm xf]O{gg\ eg]/ lgisif{df
k'luxfNg kg]{ h?/L x'b}g p;sf] e"ldsf s|flGtsf kIfdf 5 ls 5}g eg]/ x]g{'
g} sfkmL x'g] 5 . a'l4hLjx? cj;/jfbL x'G5g eGg] k/Dk/fut dfGotfjf6 d'Qm x'b}
af}l4s jfx]s c?sfnflu t cj;/sf] k|r'/tf klg x'b}g cj;/} gkfPsfx?n] s|flGtsf/L
x'g'sf] s'g} cy{ x'b}g j? cj;/ kfP/ klg To;nfO{ nft dfg{ ;Sg] x'g' s|flGtsf/L
x'g' xf] To;}n] af}l4sx?sfnflu s|flGtsf/L x'g] cj;/ / ;+efjgf Tolts} 5 cj;/
lj/n} k|fKt x'g] x?n] kfPsf] cj;/ xtklt nft dfg{ ;S5g\ ls ;Sb}g ;xh} kl/If0f
x'g klg sl7g x'G5 . to;}n] a'l4hLjLx? Hf] cfkmgf] 1fg Ifdtf / ljj]s plTkl8t ju{
sf kIfdf / s|flGtsf kIfdf ;dk{0f ub{5g\ eg] p;n] lxgtfjf]w ug{ kg]{ s'g} sf/0f
5}g p lgzt{ / cJjn bhf{sf] s|flGtsf/L g} xf] p;sf] s|flGtdf e"ldsf
a'l4hLjL ePsf sf/0fn] sld x'b}g j9L g} x'g5 oxL pRr dgf]jfnsf ;fy g]kfnL
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cy{sf] dfS;{jfbL bz{g / ;f]sf] kl/0ffdd'vL k|of]u x'g]5 .
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