;'b[9 ;+u7g / Jofks hgkl/rfng hgtfsf] 3/ b}nf]df dfcf]jfbL cleofg
Hfgtfsf] 3/ b}nf]df dfcf]jfbL cleofg
! ;dfj]zL ;dfg'kflts
Pj+ ;xeflutfd'ns hgd'vL nf]stGq,
Plss[t g]sfkf-dfcf]jfbL_sf] d'n dGq,
@ klxrfg;lxtsf]
‘;3Lotf ;+3Lotf ;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg
cfly{s ;Dj[l4 / ;fdflhs Gofo /fi6|
lgdf{0fdf gof cfofd
# l:y/ Pj+ e|i6frf/d'Qm ;/sf/sfnflu
k'0f{ jx'dt cu|ufld gof ;+ljwfgsfnflu b'O{ltxfO{ dt
$ /fli6|o lxtsf] /Iff
Pj+ :jflwgtf, Plss[t g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf] b[9 k|ltj4tf
e'ldsfM
g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgf cfkm}n] r'g]sf
hgk|ltlgwx? Dffkm{t gof ;+ljwfg n]Vb} cfkmgf] efUosf] km};nf cfkm} ug]{
cleofgn] sl/j ;f7L jif{ kl5 dfq} k'/f eof] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg t eof] t/ ;f]
;+ljwfg;efjf6 ;+ljwfghf/L ug{sfnflu cg's'n jftfj/0f jg]g . hgtfsf] nfdf]
;+3if{sf] kl/0ffd k6s k6ssf ;+3if{ / d'VotM hgo'4 / to;}sf hudf ;+rflnt ;+o'Qm
hgcfGbf]ngsf] kl/0ffd :j?k k|fKt ePsf] ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t ;+ljwfg hf/L x'bf
g]kfnL hgtf Jojxfl/s ?kdf ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] klg k'li6 x'g]
g]kfnL hgtfsf] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf klg x'g] ;d]tsf sf/0fn] vf; u/L hgtsf]
clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{ grfxg] oyfl:ylt / k|ltufld tTjx?sf xs{tsf sf/0fn] Tof] ;+ej
ePg / ;xdlt ge} ;+ljwfg gjGg] ;dodf ;+ljwfg jgfpg g;s] ;jf]{Rr cbftnsf] cfb]z
jdf]lhd :jt lj36g x'g] eP jdf]lhd klxnf] ;+ljwfg;ef ;+ljwfg hf/L gu/L ljbf x'g
k'Uof] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] ljsNk ;+ljwfg;ef g} xf] eGg] dfGotfsf sf/0fn] csf]{
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff xfd|} ;/sf/sf] kfnfdf u/]sf sf/0fn] dfq} l9n}
eP klg ;+ljwfg;efjf6} ;+ljwfg eGg] s'/f oltj]nf :yflkt ePsf] 5 s]xL k|ltufdL
oyfl:yltjfbLx? / ltgsf if8oGqdf km;]sf dflg;x? jfx]s ;+ljwfg;efsf] ljsNkdf jf
ljkIfdf p7g ;s]sf 5}gg To;}sf] kl/0ffd:j?k xfdL ;+ljwfg;efsf] csf]{ lgjf{rgsf]
bf}/fgdf 5f} .
klxnf] ;+ljwfg;ef klxrfg ;lxtsf]
;+3Lotfdf ;xdt gePsf sf/0fn] hf/L gePsf] xf] . ;+3Lotfsf] dfdnf jfx]s c?
dfdnfx?df ;xdlt ePs} lyof] klxrfgsf] k ;'Gg grfxg] / ;+3Lotfsf] ; ;'Gg grfxg] k|j[lQfsf
sf/0fn] g} klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efjf6 ;+ljwfg hf/L x'g g;s]sf] xf] To;}n] plTkl8t
hflt ju{ If]q / ln+usf /fhgtfnfO{ clwsf/
;DkGg jgfpg] k'0f{ Uof/]06Lsf;fy ;+ljwfg;efjf6} ;+ljwfg / klxrfg ;lxtsf]
;+3Lotf ;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg plTkl8t hflt ju{ ln+u / If]qsf hgtfsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt
ug]{ ;+ljwfgsfnflu Pdfcf]jfbL k|ltj4 5 .
ljut ;f7L jif{b]lvsf] hgtfsf] rfxgfsf
?kdf /x]sf] ;+ljwfg;ef dxfg hgo'4 / ;f] s|ddf zxfbt k|fKt ug]{ zlxb tyf j]kQf
of]4fx?sf] rfxgf h'g;'s} zt{df klg ;kmn jgfO{ 5f8g] Pdfcf]jfbLsf] k|ltj4tf xf]
.
;dfj]zL,
;dfg'kflts Pj+ ;xeflutfd'ns hgd'vL nf]stGq,
Plss[t
g]sfkf-dfcf]jfbL_sf] d'n dGq
/fhtGqsf] cGt e} u0ftGq :yfkgf ePsf] 5 .
Ps hflt Ps efiff Ps If]q Ps ln+u / Ps ju{sf] xflnd'xfnL ePsf] /fHo Joj:yfsf
lj?4sf] ;+3if{sf sf/0f ;dfj]zL, ;dfg'kflts Pj+ ;xeflutfd'ns hgd'vL nf]stGq
oltj]nfsf] /fhgLltsf] d'Vo cfwf/ jg]sf] 5 . g]kfnL ;dfh ljljwtfo'Qm ;dfh xf]
of] ;dfhsf ;j}n] /fHo ;Qfdf cfkmgf] pkl:ylt jf cfkmgf] Gofof]lrt lx:;f ePsf]
b]Vg rfxG5 To;f] eP dfq hgtfn] cfkm'nfO{ Gofo ePsf] ;+emg] 5g\ To; cleofgsf]
k|d'v cleoGtf x'gfsf gftfn] Pdfcf]jfbL o; k6ssf] lgjf{rgdf hgtfsf] Ph]08f
cfkm';+u ePsf sf/0fn] hgtfsf] dt cfkm'n] k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ bfjf uj{sf;fy ug{5 .
klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf jvt u0ftGq d'Vo d'2f lyof] sltko bnx? :ki6;+u
u0ftGqsfnflu dt dfUg ;Sb}gy] Tof] l:yltdf klg dfcf]jfbLn] /fhtGqsf lj?4
u0ftGqsf] kIfdf cfkm'nfO{ v/f];+u pEofPsf sf/0fn] ;f] dt k|fKt ug{ /
;+ljwfg;efsf] ;j}eGbf 7'nf] bn x'g ;dy{ ePs} xf] To;}u/L oltj]nf klg dfcf]jfbL;+u
;dfj]zL ;dfg'kflts Pj+ ;xefljtfd'ns hgd'vL nf]wtGqsf] Ph]08f 5 o;}nfO{ p;n]
cfkmgf] d'n dq jgfPsf] 5 To;sf/0f of] d'ndGqsf kIfw/x?n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ g}
/fHg]5g\ eGg] s'/fdf Pdfcf]jfbL ljZj:t 5 .
klxrfg;lxtsf]
‘;3Lotf ;+3Lotf ;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg
cfly{s
;Dj[l4 / ;fdflhs Gofo /fi6| lgdf{0fdf gof cfofd
PsfTds /fHo ;Qfsf sf/0fn] g]kfnL hgtf
g]kfn /fi6| / g]kfnL ;dfh k5f}6] cj:yfdf g} /xof] . To;}sf lj?4 g]kfnL hgtfn]
ljb|f]x u/] zxfbt k|fKt u/] j]kQf x'g tof/ eP To;sf/0f PsfTds /fHo ;Qfsf :yfgdf
;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL dfcf]jfbLsf] k|ltj4tf xf] PsfTds zf;g k|0ffnLn] l;h{gf u/]sf
ljs[lt / lj;+ultsf] cGt ug{ hgtsf] 3/ b}nf]df /fHosf] zf;g k'/ofpg / cfkmgf]
zf;g cfkm}n] k|ToIf ?kdf ;+rfng ug{ kfpg] cj;/sf] ;'lglZrt ug{ ;+3Lotfsf] vfrf]
k/]sf] xf] . ljljwtfo'Qm ;dfhdf ljutsf] PsfTds zf;g k|0ffnLn] Ps ju{ hflt If]q
/ ln+u nfO{ Gofo ug]{ jfsL ;j}nfO{ cGofo ug]{ cj:yf cfO{ k/of] . To;}n] ;j}nfO{
Gofo ug{ ;+3Lotf Tof] klg klxrfgdf cfwfl/t ;+3Lotfsf] vfrf] kb{5 . To;}n]
;j}nfO{ Gofo k|bfg ug]{ zf;g k|0ffnLsfnflu klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotfsf] gf/f
dfcf]jfbLn] cl3 ;f/]sf] xf] . ljljwtfn] el/k'0f{ ;dfhdf klxrfg ;jf{lws dxTjsf]
ljifo jGb5 . hf] hlt h] cj:yfdf 5g\ ltgsf] cl:tTj :jLsf/ ug]} / ltgsf]
klxrfgnfO{ dfGotf k|bfg ug]{ ;Dd xf] c? s;}sf] klxrfg d]6g] jf c?dfly cgofo ug]{
eGg] x'g} ;Sb}g . ljljwtfo'Qm ;dfhdf klxrfg ljgfsf] ;+3Lotf cjnDjg ul/of] eg]
To;n] Gofo lbg ;Sb}g eGg] s'/fdf xfd|f] kf6L{ :ki6 5 .
·
;+3Lotfsf] j}1flgs / Jojxfl/s cfwf/ hftLo / If]qLo klxrfg
g} xf] . oxf hftLo eGgfn] k|hflt jf gZn –
Ethnicity or Race_ jf hftkft –Caste_ geP/ ;femf
efiff ;emf e"uf]n ;femf cy{tGq / ;femf dgf]j}1flgs jgf]6 ePsf] dflg;x?sf]
l:y/ ;d'x jf /fli6|otf -Nationality_sf] cy{df xf]
eg]/ j'emg k5{ .
·
klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf eg]sf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] /fHo
k'g/;+/rgf tyf /fHo zlqmsf] jf8kmf8 ;ldltdf ;j{;Ddltn] tof/ kfl/Psf kfr cfwf/
x'g h;df hflt efiff ;+:s[lt ef}uf]lns Pj+ P]ltxfl;s lg/Gt/tf kb{5g\ .
·
Pp6f hfltsf] d'lQm csf]{ hfltdflysf] cGofon] klg ub}{g /
Pp6f hfltsf] klxrfg :yflkt csf]{ hfltsf] klxrfg vf];]/ klg x'g;Sb}g .
·
Klxrfgsf kfr cfwf/df ;+3Lotfsf] vfsf sf]g{ xfdL k|ltj4
5f} .
·
;+3Lotf s]jn e'uf]nsf] l;dfgf sf]g'{ dfq} x}g clwsf/sf]
jf8kmf8 d'Vo xf] :jzf;g / cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;+3Lotfsf] k|d'v cfwf/ x'g]5 .
cfly{s ;Dj[l4 ljgf k|fKt /fhg}lts pknJwL
klg hf]ufpg ;lsb}g eg] pkl/;+/rgfdf dfq} ePsf pknJwLn] cfwf/e"t ju{sf
hgtfsf] hLjgdf s'g} vf; k|efj kfg}{ ;Sb}gg /fhg}lts ?kn] d'Qm hgtf cfly{s ?kn]
;Dj[4 ;dfh eP kl5 dfq} hgtfsf] nf]stGq :yflkt x'G5 . To;}n] cfly{s ?kn] ;+j[4
g]kfn dfcf]jfbLsf] rfxgf xf] eg] zf]if0fsf] dfWodjf6 /ftf/ft s/f]8 klt x'g]
cj/j klt x'g] hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ hxfsf] txL /xg] cfly{s j[l4n] klg ;dfhnfO{ ;xL
lbzfdf 8f]/fpg ;Sb}g To;}n] ;fdflhs Gofo ;lxtsf] cfly{s j[l4sf] kIfdf dfcf]jfbL
plePsf]5 .
cGofok'0f{ ;dfhsf lj?4 ljb|f]xsf] Hjfnf
bGsfpg] dfcf]jfbL Gofok'0f{ ;dfh :yfkgf ug{ rfxG5 Gofok'0f{ ;dfhsf cfwf/ eg]s}
cfly{s ;Dj[l4 xf] / cfly{s ;Dj[l4sf] cfwf/ Gofok'0f{ eof] eg] hgtf Gofo klg kfpg]
cfly{s ;+j[l4 klg kfpg] eP eg] dfq} /fi6| lgdf{0fsf] 9f]s v'Nb5 .
·
/fhg}lts pknJwL hf]ufpgsflglDt cfly{s ;Dj[l4
·
Hfgtfsf] hLjgdf cfwf/e"t kl/jt{g Nofpgsfnflu cfly{s
;Dj[l4
·
pkl/;+/rgf dfq} x}g cfwf/ jbNg] cfwf/ tof/ kfg{sfnflu
cfly{s ;Dj[l4
·
pkl/;+/rgfdf ;+rfng ePsf] ju{ ;+3if{sf] :j?k cfwf/ jbNg]
s'/fdf k|of]u ub}{ pTkfbg k|0ffnL jbNgsfnflu cfly{s ;Dj[l4 .
·
;fdGtL pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf] 5q5fofdf l6s]sf] bnfn /
g]fs/zfxL k'hLsf] g]t[Tj / jr{Zj /x]sf] pTkfbg k|0ffnLnfO{ lj:yfkg ub}{
:jflwg,cfTdlg/e{/ / hgd'vL pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug{ gof 9+usf] ;+3if{sfnflu
cfly{s ;Dj[l4 .
·
Gof ;+s|d0fsflng cy{gLltsf] sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/]/ bz jif{df
dWod:t/, @) jif{df pRr:t/ / $) jif{df cltpRr:t/sf] ljsf;sf] sf]6Ldf k'/ofO{g]5
.
·
;fdGtjfbL pTkfbg ;DjGwsf] cGt ub}{ /f]huf/L ;lxtsf]
cfly{s j[l4 ;fj{hgLs gLlh ;fem]bf/L / ;xsf/L cleofgsf cfwf/df pTkfbg /
lgdf{0fsflglDt ;+3if{ kf6L{ /0fgLltsf] gof cfofd jgfPsf] ;Gbe{df hgtfn] cg'ej
ug{ ;Sg] cfly{s j[l4 dfcf]jfbL cleofg x'g]5 .
·
lj1fg k|ljlwsf ;fy} /fli6|o ;fwg >f]tsf] clwstd k|of]u
ub}{ ;dfhjfb pGd'v /fli6|o cf}Bf]lus k'lhjfbsf] ljsf; tTsfnsf] vfrf] xf] .
·
s[lif / jgdf cfwfl/t ko{6g pBf]udf hf]8 b]znfO{ ;Dj[4
jgfpg] pkfo x'g]5.
·
bz jif{df bz xhf/ d]3fjf6 ljB't pTkfbg u/L cfufld bz
jif{df ;j} ufp / 3/x?df ljh'nL ljt/0f ug{ ;lsg] cfwf/ tof/ kfg]{
l:y/
Pj+ e|i6frf/d'Qm ;/sf/sfnflu k'0f{ jx'dt cu|ufld gof ;+ljwfgsfnflu b'O{ltxfO{
dt
l:y/ ;/sf/ hgtfsf] ;Dj[l4sf] cfwf/ t
x'b} xf] z';f;gsf] klg cfwf/ xf] cl:y/ ;/sf/ e|i6frf/sf] sf/0f klg xf] To;}n]
e|i6frf/ d'Qm ;dfh ljgf g nf]stGq g ;Dj[l4 s]xL klg xft nfUb}g ldlnh'nL ;/sf/
cl:y/ ;/sf/ ;/sf/ l6sfpg plrt cg'lrt ;j} dfdnfdf ;+efm}t fug{ kg]{ jfWotfn]
z';f;gsf] cg'e"lt lbnfpg} ;lsb}g eGg] tYo ljutsf 36gfs|dn] g} b]vfPsf] 5 .
hj e|i6frf/jf6 d'Qm ;/sf/ jgfpg ;lsb}g tj hgtfsf] ljsf;sf] rfxgf klg k'/f ug{
;lsb}g To;}n] z';f;g / hgtfsf] ljsf;sf] rfxgf k'/f ug{ dfq} sfnflu klg k'0f{
jx'dtsf] ;/sf/ clgjfo{ 5 To;} u/L oltj]nf csf]{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg dfkm{t
;+ljwfg hf/L ug'{5 To;sfnflu b'O{ ltxfO{ jx'dt clgjfo{ 5 To;}n] oltj]nf ;/sf/ /
;+ljwfg b'j} lbg ;Sg] cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbL / dfcf]jfbL;+u Ph]08f ldNg]x?sf] u7jGwgnfO{
k|fKt x'g clgjfo{ 5 .
/fli6|o
lxtsf] /Iff Pj+ :jflwgtf, Plss[t g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf] b[9 k|ltj4tf
Dffcf]jfbL /fi6|lxtsf] /Iffsfnflu / b]z
/ hgtfsf] :jflwgtfsfnflu :yfkgf ePsf] / To;}sfnflu ;+3if{ ub}{ cfPsf] kf6L{ xf]
To;}n] /fi6| lxt / :jflwgtf k|f0feGbf Kof/f] 5 . o; k|lt dfcf]jfbL b[9 k|ltj4 5
.
·
Df08n] /fi6|jfb Pj+ cGw/fi6|jfb x}g k|ultlzn /fi6|jfbsf]
kIfkf]if0f ub}{ b]z / hgtfsf] lxt / pGgltdf cGt/fli6|o ;DjGw ljsf; ug]{ s'/fdf
ljZjf; ub{5 .
·
c;dfg ;GwL ;+emf}tfx?sf] vf/]hL ub}{ b]z / hgtfsf lxt
cg's'n x'g] u/L gof ;GwL ;+emf}tf ug]{ .
·
v'nf l;dfsf] Joj:yfkg kmut gf/fdf x}g ;To tYosf cfwf/df
u/]/ l;dfgfsf] ;'/Iff ug]{ .
·
/fli6o cfjZostf / lxtsf cfwf/df ljb]zL ;xof]u / cg'bfg
Pj+ kl/of]hgfx?sf] ;+rfngsf] kl/kf6L j;fNg] .
·
uf]vf{ elt{ Pj+ j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] cj:yfnfO{ :j/f]huf/
sfo{s|d dfkm{t b]z leq} Jofks /f]hfuf/Lsf] l;h{gf ub}{ k|lt:yfkg ug]{ .
·
gof g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/ cfw'lgs ef}lts k'jf{wf/ eGg]
gf/fs;fy Jojl:yt zx/Ls/0f Plss[t e"pkof]u gLlt Pj+ u|fld0f k'jf{wf/
lgdf{0fdf ljz]if Wofg lbg] .
·
nf]stGqsf] s]Gb| jflx/ vf]Hg] /fli6|otfsf] s]Gb|
/fhfdxf/fhfdf vf]Hg] ;fdGtL k|j[ltsf lj?4df nf]stGq / /fli6|otf b'j}sf] s]Gb|
hgtfdf vf]Hg cfJxfgsf;fy yfngL ePsf] hgo'4s} cfnf]sdf To;nfO{ cem} ;+j[4 ub}{ k|ultlzn
/fi6|jfbsf] ljsf; ub}{ /fli6|otf / nf]stGq b'j}sf] ;Dj[l4s/0f oltj]nfsf] vfrf]
xf] .
gof g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts cfwf/M
· gof g]kfn,
;'lzlIft, ;';+:s[t / :j:y g]kfnsf] gf/fnfO{ d't{ ?k lbg ;fdflhs ;+f:s[lts
?kfGt/0fsf] j[xb u'?of]hgf jgfP/ o'4:t/df sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
· kfr jif{leq
lg/If/tf k'0f{ ?kn] pGd'ng ul/g]5.
· ;j}nfO{
cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo;]jf lgz'Ns pknJw u/fO{g]5
· dlxnfnfO{ k}t[s
;DklQ nufot ;dfh,cy{tGq / /fHosf x/]s If]qdf ljz]if clwsf/;lxt ;dfg ;xeflutfsf]
Uof/]06L ul/g]5 .
· k'/} b]znfO{
5'jf5't d'Qm 3f]if0ff ul/g]5 .
· pRr:t/Lo o'jf
cfof]u u7g ug]{
· zlxb
kl/jf/,j]kQf kl/jf/ / o'4sf 3fO{t], ckf8 d'lZnd h]i7 gful/s g]>f] ln+uL /
kof{j/0fsf ljifodf ;d]t kf6L{ u+le/ 5 .
Plss[t dfcf]jfbL g} lsg <
;+ljwfg;ef, u0ftGq , wd{ lg/k]Iftf, ;dfj]lztf cfly{s
;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf] jfxs ePsf sf/0fn],
pTkfbg / lgdf{0fsflglDt ;+3if{ kf6L{ /0fgLltsf] gof cfofd
eGg] dxflwj]zgs} Dof08]6 ePsf sf/0fn],
cfly{s ;Dj[l4 ljgf /fhg}lts pknJwL klg jrfpg ;lsb}g eGg]
lgisif{df kf6L{ k'u]sf sf/0fn],
pk/f]Qm sfo{ef/ Pdfcf]jfbL jfx]s c? s;}n] k'/f ug{ g;Sg]
ePsf sf/0fn],
ljutdf s] ul/of] s] ug{ sf]lz; ul/of] s] ug{ lbPgg\ <
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg nuQ} dfcf]jfbL 7'nf] zlQmsf ?kdf
pkl:yt ePsf sf/0fn] ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj nfdf] ;do;Dd ;'lDkPg . ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg gu/L
;/sf/ jgfpg] / 9fng]
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf s] u/of} s] ug{ sf]lz; u/of} s] ug{
lbPgg\ <
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