;+ljwfg;efsf]
lgjf{rg / s|flGtsf/Lx?sf] bfloTj
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ;+3f/df xfdL
5f} . g]kfnL hgtfsf] ljut ;f7L jif{b]lvsf] rfxgf hgo'4sf] clei6 g]kfnL hgtf
Jojxfl/s ?kdf ;fj{ef}d x'g] Psdfq cj;/sf ?kdf o;nfO{ lnO{Psf] 5 . b'ef{Uojz
klxnf] ;+ljwfg;ef ;+ljwfg hf/L ug]{ sfd k'/f gub}{ cbfntsf] cfb]zn] :jtM
d[To'j/0f ug{ k'u]sf] lyof] t}klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] Ph]08f jf]sf]sf] zlQm g}
;/sf/df ePsf sf/0fn] dfq} csf]{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] lyof]
o;f] gx'GYof] eg] of] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff klg ;+ej lyPg / d+l;/
rf/sf] ;+ljwfg;efsf lj?4df o;nfO{ c;kmn t'Nofpg h] hlt xs{t ul/Psf5g\ of] r'gfj
;fg]{ x}g ls ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ g} ;bfsflglDt of] wlt{jf6 c;kmn jgfpg] if8oGq jfx]s
c? s]xL xf]O{g eGg] s'/f d+l;/ rf/sf] r'gfj ;f/]/ x]/]sf s]xL lbgdf g} k'li6
x'g]5 To;}n] r'gfj ;fg]{ cleofgdf nfUg]x?n] ;+ljwfg;ef g} grfx]sf] s'/fsf]
k'li6 x'g w]/} s'g{ kg]{ 5}g .
Ph]08fk|lt
c;Gt'i6x? of] cleofgdfM
;+ljwfg;efsf] Ph]08fnfO{ cft+ssf/L 7fGg]
/fhtGq lj/f]wL / cu|ufld ?kfGt/0fsf] kIfkflt 7fGg]x? / s|flGtnfO{ sd{sf08 7fGg]
dfS;{jfbdf ;+ljwfg;ef n]v]s} 5}g eGg]x? oltj]nf of] jf Tof] jfxfgf vf]h]/ eP
klg o;nfO{ c;kmn kfg]} cleofgdf nfu]sf lyP klxnf] ;+ljwfg;ef g} c;kmn kfg{
vf]h]sf lyP pgLx? C;kmn eP km]l/ of] df}sf 9's]/ j;]sf4g\ km]l/ klg pgLx?nfO{
c;kmn kfg{ h?/L 5 . of] s'g} k|fljlws ljifo x}g of] Ph]08fdf ;xdt x'g] / gx'g]
k|Zg xf] Ph]08fdf ;xdt gx'g]x? ldlt ;fg]{ jfxfgf jf j}B dfcf]jfbLnfO{ Nofpg]
jfxfgf jf ljb]zL l8hfO{g eg]/ jf h] eg]/ x'G5 c;kmn kfg]{ sf]lz;df nfu]sf 5g\
of] d'ne"t ?kdf Ph]08fk|lts} c;Gt'li6 xf] To;}n] Ph]08f jrfpgsfnflu dfq}
eP klg 3f]lift ldltdf lgjf{rgsf] ljsNk 5}g .
w/ftn
sdhf]/ x'g]x? ljkIfdfM
hgcfwf/ gePsf g]tfx? of] lgjf[rgsf]
ljkIfdf 5g\ . hgtfdf hfbf xfg]{ lglZrt ePsf g]tfx? of] jf Tof] jfxfgfdf r'gfj
k/ ;fg{ ;lsof] eg] cfkmgf] k'/fg} ;fvdf /dfO{ /xg / k'/fg} ;fv jrfO{/fVg kfO{g]
bfpdf klg 5g\ lgjf{rgdf uP/ hgtfn] ;j}sf] x}l;ot b]vfO{lbg] ePsfn] cfkmgf]
x}l;ot l56} pbf+u gxf]; eGgsfnflu klg s]xL ;do k/ ;fg}{ xs{tdf nfu]sf 5g\
s'g}j]nf )%^;fnsf] :yflgo lgjfPrgsf] x}l;otdf lut ufO{/x] h:t} ^$;fnsf]
kl/0ffddf uLt ufO{/xg] bfpdf klg sltko g]tfx? j;]sf] b]lvG5 To;}n] pgLx? Gof
hgfb]zsf] kIfdf x}g k'/fg} hgfb]z ehfpg] bfpdf j;]sf] b]lvG5 hf] ;j{yf hgtfsf]
Dof08]6nfO{ ckdfg ug]{ jfx]s csf]{ kl/36gf x'g} ;Sb}g .
jfXo
zlQmsf] bjfjM
g]kfnh:tf] ef/tj]li6t d'n's To;df klg
ef/tLo k|efj / bjfj / sltko dfdnfdf x:tIf]k gf}nf] s'/f ePg . ef/tLo x:tIf]ks}
sf/0fn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsfnflu bzf} xhf/sf] jlnbfg / xhf/f}sf] j]kQfsf]
d'No r'sfpg k/]sf] s'/f huhfx]/ g} 5 . klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt klg
slt k|oTgsf jfjh'b dfq} tf]lsPsf] lyof] Tof] e'Qmef]uLnfO{ g} yfxf xf]nf klxnf]
;+ljwfg;ef c;kmn kfg{df klg oxL zlQmsf] xft b]Vg]x? cgf}7f clxn] ;+ljwfg;efsf]
r'gfj} c;kmn kfg]{ cleofgdf nfu]/ ToxL zlQmsf] ufl6 jg]sf] 5 ls Tof] zlQmsf]
k|lt/f]w u/]sf] 5 < tYox?n] s] b]vfp5 eg] h'g zlQm g]kfn h:tf] d'n'sdf hgtf
;fj{ef}d ePsf] b]Vg rfxb}g ;+ljwfg;efjf6 ;+ljwfg jg]sf] klg b]Vg rfxb}g ToxL
zlQm ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj ;kmn x'g lbg rfxb}g ;f] g;s] r'gfj ;fg] jfxfgfdf
o;nfO{ c;kmn kfg]{ lgotdf cl3 j9]sf] 5 jflx/ jflx/ ef/tLo zf;sx?sf O{zf/fdf
d+l;/s} r'gfj eg]/ cf/f]k nufpg]x? ;+ljwfg;ef g} c;kmn jgfpg] tfgfjfgfsf] uf]6L
jg]sf] lsg x]Ssf x'b}g of] eg] j'lemg;Sg] s'/f ePsf] 5 .
lgb{nLotfsf] lg/Gt/tfM
;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj x'b}g eGg]x?sf] bfjf
of] ;/sf/ lgb{nLo eof] eGg] 5 t/ Jojxf/n] lgb{nLo ;/sf/sf] cfo' nDJofpg] zt{
jxfx? g} /flv/fVg'ePsf] 5 . olb jxfx?nfO{ lgb{nLo ;/sf/ dg gk/]sf] xf] eg]
d+l;/sf] r'gfj ;fg]{ zt{ /fVg} x'b}g . lxhf] /fi6|kltsf] c;+j}wflgs sbd lj?4 5
lbg] cfd x8tfn ug{ bjfj lbg] ;d'x / JolQmx? cfh /fi6|kltn] kxn ug{ k/of] eg]/
ljlGtkq xfNg hfg] ug'{ePsf] 5 . lxhf] sd;]sd ;+j}wflgs cbfntnfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{
kl/dlh{t zlQm k[ysLs/0fsf] efjnfO{ dflglbPsf] eP ;+ljwfg g} jGYof]
zlQmk[ysLs/0fsf] j'h'{jf Ph]08fdf kf6L{ uof], slyt :jtGq Gofokflnsf xfdLnfO{
dfGo 5}g hgtfsf k|ltlglwn] Gofo ug{ kfpgk5{
eg]/ 8+sf lk6fpg] ;fyLx? cfh zlQmk[ysLs/0fsf] pn+3g eof] :jtGq
Gofokflnsfsf] lr/x/0f eof] eg]/ lbg /ft ?g] ug'{ePsf] 5 . To;}n] hltj]nf h] ts{
u/]/ eP klg pN6f] u+uf jufpg] k|oTg ePsf] 5 h'g k|oTgn] lgb{nLo ;/sf/sf]
lg/Gt/tf jfx]s c? s]xL k|fKt x'b}g .
Eff/tsf]
r'gfj ;+u;+u} ug{ kg]{ df]xM
d+l;/df tf]lsPsf] r'gfj u/f} eg]/ r}qdf
tf]lsPsf] ldltnfO{ cfh cfP/ r}qdf u/f} eGg] s'/f clw ;fl/Psf] 5 . o;f] lsg
ul/of] xf]nf eGbf j}zfvdf ef/tsf] klg r'gfj x'b}5 hltj]nf ef/tsf] r'gfj x'G5
Toltg} j]nf g]kfnsf] r'gfj ug{ kg] of] df]x lsg hfu]sf] xf]nf lxhf] r}qd} of]
ldlt 3f]if0ff x'bf of] ts{ cfPg hj ef/tsf] r'gfjsf] 3f]if0ff eof] tj dfq} of]
ts{ cl3 ;fl/of] To;}n] cfkm'nfO{ ef/t lj/f]wL b]vfpb} Jojxf/ef ef/lto Ph]08fdf
lx8g] sfd r}qdf r'gfj ;fg{ k5{ d+l;/df x'b}g eGg]x?n] ul//fv]sf5g\ . oxL lrh
lxh} r}qd} r'gfj 3f]if0ff ePs} jvt eg]sf eP of] jxfx?sf] df}lns ts{ xf] eGg
;lsGYof] t/ hj ef/tsf] r'gfsf] rrf{ cfof] tj dfq} of] zt{ cl3 ;fbf{ t ljgf s'g}
e|d ef/tLo r'gfjs} /fk tfkdf dfq} r'gfj n8g ;lsG5 eGg] :ki6 ePsf] 5 . To;}n]
ef/tLo df]x 5f]8f} tf]lsPs} ldltdf r'gfj ug{ tkm{ nfuf} .
nlDjbf]
;+s|d0f ulxl/bf] ;+s6M
;+s|d0f hlt nlDjof] ;+s6 Toltg} ulxl/G5
hlt ;+s6 ulxl/G5 /fli6|otf Toltg} sdhf]/ x'G5 sdhf]/ /fli6|otfsf cfwf/df ljb]zL
x:tIf]ksf] ;+efjgf k|jn /xG5 To;}n] /fli6|otfsf kIfw/x? ;+s|d0f 5f]6ofpg / ;+s6
df]rg ug{ nfUg k5{ oltj]nf ;+s|d0f 5f]6opg] / ;+s6 df]rg ug]{ pkfo l56f]
lgjf{rg xf] 3f]lift ldlt d} lgjf{rg xf] h;n] r'gfjsf] ldlt ;fg]{ s'/f u5{ Tof]
;+s|d0f 5f]6ofpg ;+s6 df]rg ug]{ kIfdf 5}g kl/0ffd ljb]zL x:tIf]knfO{ lgDTofpg]
jfx]s csf]{ s'/f ub}{g To;}n] d'vn] :jlwgtfsf s'/f ug]{ kl/0ffddf k/flwg jgfpg]
sfd gu/f}{ . l56f] lgwf{l/t ldltdf r'gfjn] dfq} hgtf ;fj{ef}d jG5g\ / hgtfsf]
;fj{ef}d;Qfn] dfq} /fli6|o :jflwgtf / ef}uf]lns cv08tf / /fli6|otf hf]ufpg
;lsG5 . oxL dfu{df nfuf} .
lgisif{M
lk6] klg cfd} hflt kf]n] klg 3fd} hflt
eGg] pvfg hlts} Plss[t dfcf]jfbL g]tf / sfo{stf{ / kf6L{ k|lt hlt;'s} l/; p7]
klg j}B dfcf]jfbL tkm{ nfu]sf sfo{stf{x? Pdfcf]jfbLsf] /fli6|o :jflwgtfk|lt hlt
;'s} k|Zg p7fP klg g]kfnL /fli6|otfsf] kx/]bf/ Pdfcf]jfbLsf] ;66fdf g 1fg]Gb|x?
x'G5g g Pdfn] jf s|fu|]; h:tf k'/ftgjfbL zlQmx? g} x'g ;Sb5g\ . Pdfcf]jfbLsf
l/;n] h] klg ug{ tof/ x'bf ef/tLo :jfy{df kml;g] vt/f klg Tolts} 5 hf] r'gfj
;fg]{ zt{ / lgb{nLo ;/sf/sf] cfo' nDJofpg] ts{jf6 k'li6 x'b}5 To;}n] h] h]
cfj/0f jf]s] klg /fli6|o :jflwgtfsf] jfSof+z bf]xf]/ofP kl5 ;j}nfO{ e|ldt kfg{
;lsG5 eGg] e|djf6 klxnf cfkm} d'Qm x'g d]/f] cfu|x 5 . /fli6|o :jflwgtf s]jn
e6ofpg] gf/f x}g of] t hLjg k2lt / hLjg Jojxf/ xf] . dflg;x? Jojxf/ / kl/0ffd
x]g] { e};s]sf 5g\ tkfO{sf] gf/fn] hLjg Jojxf/df Nofpg] kl/0ffd;+u ;flgWotf
/fV5 ls /fvb}g Tof] klg x]Ssf u/f} b'lgof jv]8f 5f]8f} d+l;/ rf/ s} r'gfjdf
;xefuL jgf} ef/tLo r'gfjsf] /fk tfksf] cfzjf6 e|ldt e} r'gfjsf] ldlt ;fg]{ uNtL
gu/f} o;}df b]z / hgtfsf] lxt 5 bnx?sf] klg lxt 5 tkfO{ g]tfx?sf] lxt 5 .
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