Saturday, October 5, 2013

BIDHAN NION

g]kfn /fli6«o k|ultzLn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf] lawfg ,@)&)

k|:tfjgf M

;a} k|sf/sf zf]if0f bdg / pTkL8gsf lj?4 h'Wb} ;dfh ¿kfGt/0f / ;d'Ggt gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ug{] cleofgdf ;xefuL aGg] / ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL cu|ufdL dfS;{jfbL r]tgfo'Qm af}l4s ;d'bfosf] xs lxtsf] /Iffy{ dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL–dfcf]jfbL ljrf/sf] dfu{ lgb]{zgdf a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ ;+u7Lt ub}{ hgjfbL qmflGtsf] af+sL sfo{ef/ k"/f ug]{ ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] /0fgLltnfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg a[xb PsLs[t / ;';+u7Lt a'l4hLjLx¿sf] ;+u7gsf] cfjZostf dx;"; u/L g]kfn /fli6«o k|ultzLn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gको २०७० साल भाद्र @८ र २९ गते सम्पन्न राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलनबाट संगठनको cfk\mgf] p2]Zo kl/k"lt{sf nflu 7f]; / sfo{d"ns af}l4s lqmofsnfkdf of]ubfg k'Ug]u/L of] ;+u7gdf ef}uf]lns k|ltlglwTj, ljlzi6 ljz]if1tfsf] If]q / k]zfut ;+u7gaf6 jf}l4s k|ltlglwTj /xg]u/L of] ;+u7gsf] ;+/rgf ;d]t tof/ u/L of] ljwfg jgfO{ hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .

kl/R5]b !

!= ;+u7gsf] gfd M

o; ;+u7gsf] gfd æg]kfn /fli6«o k|ultzLn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gÆ -;+lIfKtdf æg]/fk|a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL ;+u7g -;+lIfKtdf æg]a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL dxf;+w -;+lIfKtdf æg]a'dÆ_  /xg]5 . c+u|]hLdf "NATIONAL PROGRESSIVE INTELLECTUALS' ORGANIZATION OF NEPAL" (NPION) or "NEPAL INTELLECTUALS' ORGANIZATION" (NIO) or  "NATIONAL INTELLECTUALS' FEDERAL ORGANIZATION" (NIFO)  x'g]5 . of] ;+u7g Ps cljl5Gg pQ/flwsf/jfnf :jzfl;t ;+:yf x'g]5 / o;n] AolQm ;/x gfln; ph'/ ug{ ;Sg]5 tyf o; pk/ klg AolQm ;/x gfln; ph'/ nfUg ;Sg]5 .

@=     k|f/De M /fli6«o ;Dd]ngaf6 kfl/t ePsf] ldltवाट यो विधान लागू हुनेछ ।
#=     ;+u7gsf] sfof{no M  ;+u7gsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no sf7df8f+} pkTosfdf /xg] 5 . lhNnf tyf /fHo ;ldltsf sfof{nox? tL ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] :yfgdf /xg] 5g\ .
$=    kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; ljwfgdf
$=!=   a'l4hLjL eGgfn] ;dfhnfO{ cu|ufdL lbzfdf 8f]¥ofpFg åGbfTds ef}ltsjfbL lrGtgnfO{ cfTd;ft ug]{ / dfS;{jfbL lj1fgdf laZjf; ePsf pTkfbgd"ns dfgl;s jf ef}lts >d ug]{ AolQmnfO{ a'emfpF5 . o;sf] nflu s'g} lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] cf}krfl/s z}lIfs pkflwsf] cefj afws dflgg] 5}g .
$=@= æljwfgÆ eGgfn] æg]kfn /fli6«o k|ultzLn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gÆ -;+lIfKtdf æg]/fk|a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL ;+u7g -;+lIfKtdf æg]a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL dxf;+w -;+lIfKtdf æg]a'dÆ_  sf] ljwfgnfO{ ;+emg'k5{ .
$=#=   æ;+u7gÆeGgfn] æg]kfn /fli6«o k|ultzLn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gÆ -;+lIfKtdf æg]/fk|a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL ;+u7g -;+lIfKtdf æg]a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL dxf;+w -;+lIfKtdf æg]a'dÆ_  nfO{ ;+emg'k5{ .
$=$=  æsfo{;ldltÆ eGgfn] æg]kfn /fli6«o k|ultzLn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gÆ -;+lIfKtdf æg]/fk|a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL ;+u7g -;+lIfKtdf æg]a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL dxf;+w -;+lIfKtdf æg]a'dÆ_  sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldlnfO{ ;+emg'k5{ . of] zJbn] of] lawfg adf]lhd ul7t /fHo ;dGjo ;ldlt, lhNnf ;ldlt / :yfgLo OsfO{sf] sfo{ ;ldltnfO{ ;d]t hgfpg]5 .
$=%= æ;b:oÆ eGgfn] lawfg adf]lhd ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf ;j} ;b:ox?nfO{ j'lemg]5 .
$=^=  ;Nnfxsf/ eGgfn] ;+u7gsf] p2]Zo k"lt{ ug]{ sfo{df cfjZos ;/;Nnfx / ;'emfj lbgsf nflu sfo{ ;ldltaf6 ;Nnfxsf/sf ¿kdf dgf]gog ul/Psf ljljw ef}uf]lns k|ltlglwTj, ljlzi6 ljz]if1tfsf] If]q / k]zfut ;+u7gaf6 jf}l4s k|ltlglwTj nufotsf JolQmTjx?nfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .
$=&=  lgod eGgfn] ;+u7gsf] lgodnfO{ a'em\g' kg]{5 .

%=     ;+u7gsf] em08f M    Pp6f v'nf k':tssf] jLraf6 Pp6f $% l8u|Lsf] sf]0fdf e'ms]sf] snd / To;n] b]vfPsf] lbzfsf] cfsfzdf Pp6f ;fgf] tf/f sndsf] 6'Kkf]dfly lstfjsf] jLraf6 rf/}lt/af6 uf]nfsf/df bzj6f a/fa/ prfO{sf ls/0fx?n] 3]l/Psf] Pp6f bLk k|Hjng eO/x]sf] nf]uf] /x]sf] x'g]5 . em08fsf] ;fOh k|rlnt cfsf/df #M! sf] x'g]5 .

^=     ;+u7gsf] 5fk / lrGx M
       ;a} txsf ;+u7gsf] 5fk pko'Qm a[t'nfsf/ uf]nfO{df dfly æg]kfn /fli6«o k|ultzLn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gÆ -;+lIfKtdf æg]/fk|a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL ;+u7g -;+lIfKtdf æg]a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL dxf;+w -;+lIfKtdf æg]a'dÆ_ c+u]h|Ldf "NATIONAL PROGRESSIVE INTELLECTUALS' ORGANIZATION OF NEPAL" (NPION) or "NEPAL INTELLECTUALS' ORGANIZATION" (NIO) or  "NATIONAL INTELLECTUALS' FEDERAL ORGANIZATION" (NIFO)  jLrdf em08fsf] nf]uf] d'lg ;ldltsf] gfd / :yflkt ;fn /xg]5 .







kl/R5]b @

&=    p2]Zo M

&=!=   dfn]dfjfb lj1fgsf] ;f/nfO{ u|x0f ub}{ ;f]xL cfwf/df a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ ;+u7Lt / k|lzlIft ug]{ / k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{,

&=@=   hLjg / ;dfhsf ;a} If]qdf k|ultzLn ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] k|ls|ofnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] ,

&=#=   ;fdGtjfb, ;fd|fHojfb, la:tf/jfb / ;a}vfn] k|ltls|ofjfbsf] la/f]wdf x'g] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o hgafbL,;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ngx?nfO{ ;xof]u / ;dy{g ug]{,
&=$=  laleGg laifout / k]zfut laz]if1tf xfl;n u/]sf a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ uf]naGb u/L cfjZos laleGg sfo{qmdx? u/L u/fO{ /fli6«o lxt / k|ultzLn ?kfGt/0fsf nflu 6]jf k'/\ofpg ;xof]u ug]{ .
&=%=   a'l4hLjLx?dfly e}/x]sf zf]if0f, pTkL8g / cGofo cTofrf/sf la?4 ;+3if{ ub}{ af}l4s k]zfut xs       lxtsfnflu ls|ofzLn /xg],
&=^=   k|fl1s tyf cleAolQm :jtGqtfsfnflu ;+3if{ ub}{{ l;h{gfTds af}l4s ls|ofsnfkx? ug]{,
&=&=   ;}4flGts, j}rfl/s Pjd\ cGo ljifodf cfjZos cWoog, cg';Gwfg ug]{
&=*=  बौद्धिक समुदायको पेशागत हकहितका निम्ति संघर्ष गर्ने
&=(=   ;dfg pb]Zo ePsf /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o ;+3 ;+:yfx?;+u ;DaGw sfod ug]{,

*=   sfo{d"ns p2]ZoM
     pk/f]Qm pb]Zox? k|flKtsf nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf cfjZos sfo{d"ns sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ M

*=!=   ;dfg p2]Zo / ljrf/ /x]sf a'l4hLjLx? aLr /x]sf dt leGgtfx?nfO{ cGt/lqmofsf] dfWodåf/f xn ub}{ hfg] u/L dfS;{jfbL a'l4hLjLx?sf] Pp6} k|efjsf/L ;+u7g agfpg hf]8 lbg] .

*=@=   ;fdGtjfb ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL d+rsf ?kdf oyfl:yltjfb lj/f]wL a'l4hLjx?sf] ;+o'Qm df]rf{ agfpg kxn ug]{ .

*=#= a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ ;fd"lxs?kdf b]zsf ljleGg If]qdf e|d0f u/fpg] dhb"/ ls;fgx? dfem sfd ug{ k]|l/t ug]{ .
*=$= dfS;{jfbL cWoog k|0ffnLsf] Jojl:yt ljsf;sf nflu k':tsfno tyf jfrgfnox?sf] Joj:yf ug]{ kf7\oqmd lgwf{/0f ug]{ / :s"n ;+rfng ug]{ .
*=%=  ;d;fdlos HjnGt ljifox?df 5nkmn cGtlq{mof uf]i7L / ;efx? ug]{ .
*=^=   ;dfg p2]Zo ePsf b]zL ljb]zL ;flxTosf] cg'jfb, ef}lts l;h{gf ug{ / cg';GwfgfTds tyf ljrf/k|wfg k|sfzgx?sf] ;d]t Joj:yf ug]{ .
*=&=  /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o hgjfbL, ;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ngdf ;xof]u k'Ug] vfnsf ultljlwx? ;+rfng ug]{ / ;xeflutf hgfpg] .
*=*=  ljifout lalzi6tf xfl;n u/]sf cu|ufdL lrGtgzLn b]zeQm Gofok|]dL laåfgx?nfO{ sb/ ub}{ jxfFx?sf] 1fg / lzknfO{ b]z / hgtfsf lxtdf pkof]u ug{ d2t k'¥ofpg] ,
*=(=  ;d;fdlos laifodf cfkmgf wf/0ff ;fj{hlgs ug]{
*=!)= lgwf{l/t p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu cfjZostfg'?k ;+3if{sf ;DefJo pkfox? cjnDag ug]{ .


kl/R5]b #
(=   ;b:otf M
(=!=   ;+u7gsf] p4]Zo / ljwfgnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ @! aif{ pd]/ k'u]sf dfgl;s jf ef}lts sfo{df ;+nUg eO{        >dsf] cfb/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] ;+u7gsf] ;b:otf k|bfg ug]{ 5 .
(=@=   laleGg ef}uf]lns k|ltlglwTj, ljlzi6 ljz]if1tfsf] If]q / k]zfut ;+u7gaf6 jf}l4s k|ltlglwTj /xg]u/L af}l4s laz]if1tf xfl;n u/]sf JolQmTjx?nfO{ ;+u7gdf cfj4 ug{ ;+u7gn] k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
(=#=   ;+u7gsf] ;b:o aGgsf nflu lgDg adf]lhdsf] z'Ns nfUg] 5 M
       -s_ k|a]z z'Ns — ?=!)).—
       -v_ aflif{s z'Ns — ?=%)).—
(=$=  ;+u7gsf k|To]s ;b:on] k|To]s aif{ c;f/ d;fGt ;Dddf ;DalGwt ;ldltx?dfk{mt cf—cfˆgf] ;b:otf gjLs/0f ug{ clgjfo{ x'g]5 .
(=%=   ;+u7gsf] ;fwf/0f ;b:o b]zsf] s'g} lhNnf jf lab]z :yfgfGt/ eP/ hfFbf cfkm" /x]sf] lhNnfdf ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 / cfˆgf] ;b:otfsf] /l;b k]z u/]df :jtM To; :yfgfGt/0f ePsf] lhNnfsf] ;b:o dflgg] 5 .
!)=   ;b:otfsf] ;dflKt M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g} klg ;b:osf] ;b:otf ;dfKt x'g]5 M
       -s_ /flhgfdf lbPdf,
       -v_ d[To' ePdf,
       -u_ cg'zf;gsf] sf/jfxL e} lgisflzt ePdf .

kl/R5]b $

!!= ;+u7gsf] ;+/rgf, tx / u7g k|s[ofM

;+u7gsf] ;+/rgf s]Gb| / af}l4s ;d'bfosf] 3lge"t pkl:ylt /x]sf s]Gb|x?df s]lGb|t x'g]5 . cfjZostfcg';f/ lhNnf / :yfgLo txdf ;d]t lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

;+u7gsf] ;+/rgfut :j?k ef}uf]ns s]Gb|, ljz]if1tfsf] If]q / k]zfut ;+u7gsf] jf}l4s k|ltlglwsf ?kdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ k|ltlglw ;lxtsf] -dxf;+3Lo :j?ksf]_ x'g]5 .

o;sfnflu ef}uf]lns k|ltlglwTjsf] If]q %)Ü ljz]if1tfsf] If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj @%Ü / ljleGg k]zfut ;+u7gx?sf] jf}l4s k|ltlglwTj @%Ü x'g] u/L s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] u7g x'g]5 .


!!=!   ;+u7gsf] d'Vo b'O{ tx s]Gb| / /fHo /xg] 5g\ / lhNnfsf] xsdf dfu ePdf tyf cfjZos dxz'; ePdf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] lg0f{odf u7g ug{ ;lsg] 5 . /fHo txdf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ /fHo ;dGjo ;ldlt / k|To]s lhNnfdf lhNnf ;ldlt /xg] 5g\ .
!!=@=  s]Gb|df /fli6«o ;Dd]ngåf/f @)! ;+Vofdf ;b:ox? /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt u7g x'g]5 . s]Gb|Lo ;ldltåf/f /fHo / lhNnfx?sf] lgdf{0f Pjd\ ;dGjo ;~rfng ug{ u/fpgsf nflu s]Gb|Lo ;ldltåf/f tf]lsPsf] /fHoleqsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? Pjd\ lhNnfsf cWoIfx? /x]sf] /fHo ;+of]hg ;ldlt tyf lhNnfx?df ;Dd]ngaf6 u7g ul/Psf] lhNnf ;ldlt /xg]5 .
!!=#  lhNnf ;ldltdf al9df %! ;b:ox? /xg]5g\ .
!!=$  o; ;+u7gsf] ;af]{Rr c+u /fli6«o clwj]zg ÷ ;Dd]ng x'g]5 . /fli6«o clwa]zgaf6 s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt u7g geP ;Ddsf nflu /fli6«o ;Dd]ng cfof]hs ;ldlt g} ;af]{Rr c+u x'g]5 .

 

kl/R5]b %

!@= /fli6«o clwa]zg÷;Dd]ngM

!@=!=   of] lawfg adf]lhdsf] /fli6«o clwa]zg÷;Dd]ng ;fdfGotof tLg tLg aif{df ul/g]5 . ;dodf /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ng x'g g;s]df s"n ;b:o ;+Vofsf] %!Ü / eGbf al9 ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt;dIf /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngsf] dfu u/]df s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] # dlxgf leq /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ng af]nfpFg' kg]{5 .
!@=@   s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf ;b:ox?, /fHo ;+of]hg ;ldltsf ;b:ox? tyf केन्द्रिय समितिबाट तोकिएको     संख्यामा lhNnfx?af6 5flgPsf k|ltlglwx? Pad\ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] tf]s]sf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglwx?  -;Dk"0f{ k|ltlglw ;+Vofsf] bz k|ltzt ga9\g] u/L_ /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngsf k|ltlglw x'g]5g\ . lhNnfaf6 /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ng  k|ltlglw 5fGbf cWoIf, slDtdf Pshgf dlxnf / cGo k|ltlglw ;dfj]zLtfsf cfwf/df 5fGg'kg]{5 .
!@=#  /fli6«o clwa]zg÷;Dd]ngsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M
-s_     /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngn] tf]s]sf] ;+Vofdf ;b:ox? /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] rog ug]{ .
-v_     sfo{ ;ldltaf6 k|:t't ;f+u7lgs k|ltj]bg tyf cfo Aoosf] laa/0fdfly 5nkmn u/L kfl/t ug]{ .
-u_     cfo Joosf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm ug]{ .
-3_     cfufdL sfo{sfnsf nflu ;+u7gfTds gLlt tyf sfo{s|d lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
-ª_     ;+u7gsf] ljwfg lgdf{0f Pjd\ ;+zf]wg ug]{ .

kl/R5]b ^

!#= s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] u7g M

-!_    ljleGg ef}uf]lns k|ltlglwTj, ljlzi6 ljz]if1tfsf] If]q / k]zfut ;+u7gaf6 jf}l4s k|ltlglwTj /xg]u/L /fli6«o clwj]zgåf/f al9df @)! sf] ;+Vofdf ;b:ox? /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] u7g x'g]5 .
-@_    pQm ;ldltsf ;b:ox?dWo]af6 5flgPsf cWoIf !, dxf;lrj !, sf]iffWoIf ! / pkfWoIf %, ;lrj % / ;b:ox? /xg]5g\ .
-#_    s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] s'g} kb l/Qm x'g cfPdf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] kb k"lt{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!$=   s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Ao / clwsf/ M
s= /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngsf]  tof/L  ug]{ / /fli6«o o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngsf]  cfof]hgf ug]{ .
v= /fli6«o o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngdf  k|:t't x'g] ;+u7gsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] k|:tfj tof/ ug]{ .
u= ;+u7gsf] ljwfgsf] d;f}bf ug]{ .
3=  ;+of]hs ;lxtsf /fHo ;+u7g ;ldltsf] u7g ug]{ / /fHoleqsf lhNnfx?df lhNnf ;+u7gx?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ u/fpg] 
ª= /fHo ;+u7g ;ldlt / lhNnf ;ldltx?nfO{ cfjZos gLlt lgb]{zg k|bfg ug]{ .
r= ;+u7gsf] p2]Zo tyf sfo{s|dx? sfof{Gjog ug]{  .      
5= ;Dk"0f{ lhNnf ;ldlt tyf /fHo ;dGjo ;ldltx?;+u ;Dks{ u/L ;+u7gsf] pb]Zo k|flKtsf nflu tTk/ /xg] .
= /fli6«o o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngsf]  tof/Lsf qmddf ;+u7g lj:tf/ tyf ;b:otf cleofg rnfpg] .
em. ;+u7gsf] aflif{s ah]6 tof/ u/L cfo Aoosf] laa/0f tof/ kfg]{ tyf cg'df]bgsf nflu clwj]zgdf k]z ug]{ .
`= cfjZostf cg';f/ laefu jf ;ldlt  tyf pk;ldltx? u7g u/L clwsf/ k|Tofof]lht ug]{ .
6= JolQm ;/x ;+u7gsf] rn crn ;DklQsf]  lsg a]r ug{ kfpg] . t/ crn ;DklQ a]Rg' cufl8 clwa]zgsf] :jLs[lt k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
7= cfjZostf cg';f/ j}tlgs tyf cj}tlgs sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm ug]{ .
9= k|zf;lgs sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos lgodx? agfpg] .
0f= ljwfgdf s'g} s'/f c:ki6 ePdf plrt JofVof u/L  lg0f{o lbg] .
t= ;dfg p2]Zo ePsf cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx? ePdf ltgLx?nfO{ cfkm"df ;dflxt u/fpg] jf ltgLx?;+u  Psfsf/ e} PsLs[t ;+u7g lgdf{0f ug{ kxn u/L PsLs[t ;+u7g lgdf{0f x'g] cj:yf ePdf ljz]if clwj]zg af]nfO{ lg0f{o cg';f/ ug]{ .
y=  s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] ug'{kg]{ sfdx?dWo] s'g} sfd ug{ ;lrjfno jf sfof{no jf u7Lt laefu jf pk;ldltnfO{ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg u/L sfo{ ug]{, u/fpg]  .
g= ;lrjfnon] u/]sf] sfd sf/jfxL / lg0f{osf] cg'df]bg ug]{ .
k= s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt /fli6«o o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g'kg]{ .

!#= s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno / sfof{nosf] u7g M

     s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] cfˆgf] ;b:ox? dWo]af6 Ps ltxfO{ ;+Vofdf ga9\g] u/L s]Gb|Lo ;lrafno / s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfnosf] ;b:ox?dWo]af6 Ps ltxfO{ ;+Vofdf ga9g] u/L sfof{no u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!$= ;Nnfxsf/ M s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx k/fdz{sf nflu ;Nnfxsf/x?sf] dgf]gog ug{;Sg] 5 . s]Gb|Lo ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos dxTjk"0f{ ;Nnfx ;'emfj / k/fdz{ lbg' ;Nnfxsf/x?sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

!%=  s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfd st{Ao / clwsf/ M

s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
!%=! cWoIf M
!=   cWoIf M
s= s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt, s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno / s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] a}7s /  /ffli6«o e]nf jf clwa]zg÷;Dd]ngsf]  cWoIftf ug]{ .      
v= dxf;lrjsf] ;Nnfx lnP/ ;ldlt, ;lrjfno / sfof{nosf] cfufdL a}7s af]nfpg nufpg] .
u= /ffli6«o e]nf jf clwa]zg / sfo{ ;ldltsf lg0f{ox?sf] sfof{Gjog, /]vb]v / lgoGq0f ug]{, u/fpg] .
3= sfo{ ;ldltsf] a}7s gj;]sf] cj:yfdf cfjZostfg';f/ s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno jf s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 lg0f{o u/L sfd ug]{ / kl5Nnf] a}7saf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg] .
ª= a}7sdf dt a/fa/ ePdf lg0ff{os dt lbg] .
r= ;+u7gsf] ;DklQsf] ;/If0f / ;Daw{g ug]{ .
5= /ffli6«o P+j cGt/{fli6«o ;+3 ;+:yfdf ;+u7gsf]] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{, u/fpg] .
h= ;+u7gsf kbflwsf/L / ;b:ox?nfO{ ;fwf/0f;ef / s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] lg0f{o adf]lhd sfddf nufpg] .
em=;+u7gsf]] pb]Zo k|flKtsf nflu cGo cfjZos sfo{ ug]{, u/fpg] .

@=   pkfWoIf M
s= cWoIfnfO{ ;Nnfx, ;'emfj lbg] / cWoIfsf] cg'kl:yltdf lghn] ug]{ sfd ug]{ .
Vf= cWoIfåf/f k|Tofof]lht sfo{ ug]{ .
u= tff]lsP jdf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .
3= cGo ;b:o ;/x ug'{ kg]{ sfo{ ug]{ .

#=   dxf;lrj M
s=    sfo{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ /fli6«o e]nf jf clwj]zg÷;Dd]ng / cWoIfsf] gb]{zg cg';f/ s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt, s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno / s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] a}7s af]nfpg] .
Vf=    ;+u7gsf]]  b}lgs k|zf;sLo sfo{sf] /]vb]v, lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f / kqfrf/ ug]{ .
   u=     a}7sx?sf] sfo{;"lr tof/ ug]{, ;"rgf ug]{ / lg0f{o k'l:tsf /fVg] .
   3=     cWoIfåf/f k|Tofof]lht sfo{ ug]{ .
   ª=     ;+u7gsf sfuhftx? tyf ;DklQnfO{  ;'/lIft /fVg] .
   r=    cfjZos k|lta]bg tof/ ug]{ .
   5=    cWoIfnfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx lbg] .
   h=    s'g} dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ ;~rfngdf cWoIfsf] k/fdz{ lng] .

$=   ;lrj M
  s=    dxf;lrjsf] cg'kl:yltdf lghsf] sfd ug]{ .
   v=    dxf;lrjsf] sfo{x? dWo] dxf;lrjåf/f k|Tofof]lht sfo{ ug]{ .
   u=     dxf;lrjsf] sfo{x?df ;3fp k'¥ofpg] .
   3=     ;+u7gsf k|zf;sLo sfuhftx? tyf ;DklQnfO{  ;'/lIft /fVg] .
   ª=     s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] b}lgs sfo{ ;+rfng ug]{ .

%=   sf]iffWoIf M
  s= k|rlnt ljlw  adf]lhd ;+u7gsf]] lx;fj / >]:tf b'?:t /fVg] .
   v= cWoIf / dxf;lrasf] ;d]t /fo ;Nnfx lnO{ aflif{s ah]6 tof/ u/L
      sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sdf k]z ug]{ .
   Uf=        ;+u7gsf]] cfo Jofosf] cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ u/L  jflif{s n]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg]        / cg'df]bgsfnflu /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngdf k]z ug]{ .
   3=        ;+u7gnfO{ cfly{s ?kn] ;jn agfpg ljljw of]hgf th'{df u/L sfo{   ;ldltsf] cg'dlt lnO{ nfu' ug{ nufpg] .
   ª= cfly{s k|zf;g ;DjGwL cGo sfo{ ug]{ .

^=   ;b:ox? M
s= sfo{;ldlt, s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno / s]Gb|Lo sfof{noåf/f tf]lsP jdf]lhdsf] sfo{ ug]{ .
Vf= ;+u7gåf/f k|Tofof]lht sfo{ ug]{ .
u= ;+u7gsf]] p4]Zo kl/k"lt{sf] nflu ;Nnfx ;'emfj lbg]  tyf :jo+ klg ls|ofzLn x'g] .


kl/R5]b &

!^= /fHo:t/Lo e]nf jf ;Dd]ng M

-!_ of] ;Dd]ng ;fdfGotof @ aif{df ! k6s x'g]5 . t/ %!Ü / eGbf al9 ;+alGwt ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt ;dIf ;Dd]ngsf] dfu u/]df /fHo ;+of]hg ;ldltn] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] lgb]{zgdf # dlxgfleq ;Dd]ng jf e]nf af]nfpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ /fHo ;ldltsf ;b:ox? tyf lhNnfx?af6 5flgPsf k|ltlglwx? Pjd\ /fHo ;ldltn] tf]s]sf /fHo:t/Lo k|ltlglwx? -;Dk"0f{ k|ltlglw ;+Vofsf] !)Ü ga9\g] u/L _ /fHo ;Dd]ngsfnflu k|ltlglw x'g]5g\ .
-#_ /fHo ;ldltn] al9df %! ;+Vofdf ;b:ox? /x]sf] /fHo ;+of]hg ;ldltsf] rog ug]{5 .
-$_ /fHo ;Dd]ngn] /fHo ;ldltsf] cfo Aoosf] n]vf k/LIf0f ug{ n]vf k/LIfssf] lgo'lQm ug]{5 .
-%_ ;Dd]ngdf /fHo ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 k|:t't ;+u7gfTds tyf cfo Aoosf] ljj/0f pk/ 5nkmn u/L pQm k|ltj]bgx?nfO{ kfl/t ul/g' kb{5 .
-^_ ;Dd]ngn] cfufdL sfo{sfnsfnflu ;+u7gfTds gLlt tyf sfo{s|d lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
-&_ ljljw ;d;fdlos k|:tfjx? kfl/t ug]{ .

!&= /fHo ;ldltsf] sfd st{Ao / clwsf/ M–

s= =If]lqo e]nf jf ;Dd]ngdf kfl/t gLlt tyf sfo{s|dx? sfof{Gjog ug]{  .     
v= cfjZos k/]sf a]nf lhNnfx?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] .
u= ;Dk"0f{ lhNnf sfo{ ;ldltx?;+u ;Dks{ u/L ;+u7gsf] pb]Zo k|flKtsfnflu tTk/ /xg] ..
3= aflif{s ah]6 tof/ u/L cfo Aoosf] laa/0f tof/ kfg]{ tyf cg'df]bgsfnflu ;Dd]ngdf k]z ug]{ .
ª= cfjZostf cg';f/  pk;ldltx? u7g u/L clwsf/ k|Tofof]lht ug]{ .
r= cfjZostf cg';f/ j}tlgs tyf cj}tlgs sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm ug]{ .
5= aif{sf] Ps k6s /fHo e]nf tyf b'O{  aif{df Ps k6s ;Dd]ng  af]nfpg] / ePsf lg0f{ox? sfof{Gjog u/fpg] .
h= ;dfg pb]Zo ePsf If]qLo :t/sf cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx? ePdf ltgLx?nfO{ cfkm"df ;dflxt u/fpg] jf s]Gb|Lo :t/df  PsLs[t ;+u7g lgdf{0f ePsf] cj:yfdf /fHo :t/df  klg  PsLs[t ;+u7g lgdf{0f x'g] cj:yf ePdf tf]lsP cg';f/ Pstf ug]{ .

!*= /fHo ;ldltsf ;lrjfno, sfof{nosf] u7g  / kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfd st{Ao / clwsf/ M–

s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno, sfof{nosf] u7g / kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ h:t} x'g]5 . _      
!(=    ;Nnfxsf/ M /fHo ;dGjo ;ldltn] ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx k/fdz{sf nflu ;Nnfxsf/x?sf] dgf]gog ug{;Sg] 5 . ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos dxTjk"0f{ ;Nnfx ;'emfj / k/fdz{ lbg' ;Nnfxsf/x?sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b *

@)= lhNnf e]nf/;Dd]ng M

-!_    lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;fdfGotof @ aif{df ! k6s x'g]5 .
-@_    lhNnf ;Dd]ngn] cWoIf !, pkfWoIf @, ;lrj !, sf]iffWoIf ! ;x;lrj ! ;lxtsf] a9Ldf %! ;b:oLo lhNnf ;b:ox? /x]sf] lhNnf ;ldltsf] rog ug]{5 .
-#_ lhNnf ;Dd]ngn] lhNnf ;ldltsf] cfo Aoosf] n]vf k/LIf0f ug{ n]vf k/LIfssf] lgo'lQm ug]{5 .
-%_ ;Dd]ngdf lhNnf ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 k|:t't ;+u7gfTds tyf cfo Aoosf] ljj/0f pk/ 5nkmn u/L pQm k|ltj]bgx?nfO{ kfl/t ul/g' kb{5 .
-^_ ;Dd]ngn] cfufdL sfo{sfnsfnflu ;+u7gfTds gLlt tyf sfo{s|d lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
-&_ ljljw ;d;fdlos k|:tfjx? kfl/t ug]{ .

@!= lhNnf sfo{ ;ldltsf] sfd st{Ao / clwsf/ M–

s= lhNnf e]nf jf ;Dd]ngdf kfl/t gLlt tyf sfo{s|dx? sfof{Gjog ug]{  .  

v= cfjZos k/]sf a]nf s]Gb| jf /fHox?nfO{ k/fdz{ lbg] .

u= ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?;+u ;Dks{ u/L ;+u7gsf] pb]Zo k|flKtsfnflu tTk/ /xg] ..

3= aflif{s ah]6 tof/ u/L cfo Aoosf] ljj/0f tof/ kfg]{ tyf cg'df]bgsfnflu ;Dd]ngdf k]z ug]{ .

ª= cfjZostf cg';f/  pk;ldltx? u7g u/L clwsf/ k|Tofof]lht ug]{ .

r= cfjZostf cg';f/ j}tlgs tyf ca}tlgs sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm ug]{ .

5= @ aif{df Ps k6s ;Dd]ng jf e]nf af]nfpg] / ePsf lg0f{ox? sfof{Gjog u/fpFg] .

h= ;dfg pb]Zo ePsf lhNnf :t/sf cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx? ePdf ltgLx?nfO{ cfkm"df ;dflxt u/fpg] jf s]Gb|Lo :t/df  PsLs[t ;+u7g lgdf{0f ePsf] ca:yfdf lhNnf :t/df  klg  PsLs[t ;+u7g lgdf{0f x'g] cj:yf ePdf tf]lsP cg';f/ Pstf ug]{ .

@@= lhNnf ;ldltsf ;lrjfno, sfof{nosf] u7g  / kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfd st{Ao / clwsf/ M–

/fHo ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno, sfof{nosf] u7g / kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ h:t} x'g]5 .
@#=  ;Nnfxsf/ M lhNnf ;ldltn] ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx k/fdz{sf nflu ;Nnfxsf/x?sf] dgf]gog ug{;Sg] 5 . ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos dxTjk"0f{ ;Nnfx ;'emfj / k/fdz{ lbg' ;Nnfxsf/x?sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

 

kl/R5]b (

@%= lgaf{rg M–

s= lhNnfdf ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] e]nf, ;Dd]ng / clwj]zgåf/f lgo'Qm lgjf{rg ;ldltn] ;DalGwt sfo{ ;ldltsf nflu ;b:ox?sf] lgjf{rg ug]{5 .
v=lgjf{rg ;DalGw sfo{ljlw lgjf{rg ;ldltn] agfpg]5 .
u= sfo{;ldltsf] lgjf{rg uf]Ko dtbfgåf/f x'g]5 .

@^=  u0fk'/s ;+VofM M
;+u7gsf ;a} txsf a}7ssf] nflu u0fk"/s ;+Vof ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ;fdfGo ax'dt x'g]5 .

@&=  cfjZos sf/jfO{ M
   s= :j]R5fn] ;b:o kb Tofu u/]df jf /flhgfdf lbPdf , ;b:otf gljs/0f gu/]df , ;+u7gsf] xs lxtsf] k|lts"n sfd u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf ;+u7gsf] ;b:otfaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .
   v= ljgf ;"rgf tLg k6s ;Dd a}7sdf nuftf/ cg'kl:yt ePdf :jtM gLh kbaf6 x6\g]5g\ .
   u=        s'g} klg lgisflzt ;b:on] dflyNnf] lgsfodf ;k|df0f k'g/fa]bg ug{ kfpFg]5 .
   3=        dflyNnf] lgsfon] u/]sf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
   ª= tNnf lgsfox?n] ljwfg k|lts"n ;+u7gsf] clxtdf sfo{ u/]sf] kfO{Pdf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn]  cfjZos sf/jfO{ ug{    ;Sg]5 .
@*=  kbk"lt{M M
   s= kbflwsf/Lx?sf] :yfg l/Qm x'g cfPdf ;DalGwt  ;ldltsf] ;b:ox? dWo]af6 / s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] :yfg l/Qm x'g cfPdf /fHo jf lhNnf ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx? jf clwj]zg÷;Dd]ng k|ltlglwx? dWo]af6 tyf /fHo ;ldltsf ;b:osf] xsdf lhNnf sfo{ ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?af6, lhNnf ;ldlt ;b:osf] xsdf lhNnfsf ;fwf/0f ;b:ox? dWo]af6 ;DalGwt sfo{ ;ldltn] pQm l/Qm :yfgdf kb k"lt{ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

@(=  ljwfg ;+zf]wg M
   /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngdf pkl:yt k|ltlglwx?sf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtn] ljwfg ;+zf]wg jf x]/k]m/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@&=  ;+u7gsf] sf]if M
;+u7gsf] b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] cfly{s >f]t ePsf] Pp6f sf]if x'g]5 .
s=;b:otf tyf gjLs/0f z'Nsx?,
v=;b:o tyf ;xof]uLx?af6 k|fKt /sd .
u= rn crn ;DklQ / To;jf6 x'g] cfDbfgL,
3= /fli6«o tyf cGt/{fli6«o ;+w ;+:yf tyf JolQmaf6 k|fKt x'g] cfly{s, ef}lts ;xof]u, bfg, pkxf/, cg'bfg cflb /sd tyf lhG;L ;fdfg .
ª= k|To]s lhNnf sfo{ ;ldltn] cfˆgf] ;b:otfsf] s"n cfDbfgLsf] $) k|ltzt s]Gb|nfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .


@*=  ljz]if Joj:yfM
s= ljwfg cg';f/ ;dodf /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ng  af]nfpg' s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ng  x'g' cl3 lhNnfx?df s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt Pjd\ /fHo ;dGjo ;ldltn] tf]s] jdf]lhd lhNnf ;Dd]ng jf lhNnf e]nf u/L lhNnf ;ldltsf] lgjf{rg Pjd\ /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngsf] k|ltlglwx?sf] lgjf{rg ug'{kg]{5 .
v= c;fdfGo cj:yf ;[hgf eO{ ;Dd]ng jf clwa]zgsf] cfof]hgf ug{ g;lsg] ePdf sfo{ ;ldltsf] kbfjlw kZrft\ klg csf]{ Aoa:yf geP;Ddsf] nflu  pQm ;ldltn] g} sfo{ ;'rf? /fVg]5 .
u=     sf/0fjz s'g} ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] :yfg l/Qm x'g uO{ ;ldlt cNkdtdf kg{ uPdf afFsL ;b:ox?n] ljz]if ;Dd]ng jf clwa]zg af]nfO{ gofF sfo{;ldltsf] lgdf{0f ug]{5g\ .



Maoist Appeal with the People



;'b[9 ;+u7g / Jofks hgkl/rfng hgtfsf] 3/ b}nf]df dfcf]jfbL cleofg
Hfgtfsf] 3/ b}nf]df dfcf]jfbL cleofg
!           ;dfj]zL ;dfg'kflts Pj+ ;xeflutfd'ns hgd'vL nf]stGq,
Plss[t g]sfkf-dfcf]jfbL_sf] d'n dGq,
@           klxrfg;lxtsf] ‘;3Lotf ;+3Lotf ;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg
cfly{s ;Dj[l4 / ;fdflhs Gofo /fi6| lgdf{0fdf gof cfofd
#           l:y/ Pj+ e|i6frf/d'Qm ;/sf/sfnflu k'0f{ jx'dt cu|ufld gof ;+ljwfgsfnflu b'O{ltxfO{ dt
$          /fli6|o lxtsf] /Iff Pj+ :jflwgtf, Plss[t g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf] b[9 k|ltj4tf


e'ldsfM
g]kfnL hgtfsf] rfxgf cfkm}n] r'g]sf hgk|ltlgwx? Dffkm{t gof ;+ljwfg n]Vb} cfkmgf] efUosf] km};nf cfkm} ug]{ cleofgn] sl/j ;f7L jif{ kl5 dfq} k'/f eof] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg t eof] t/ ;f] ;+ljwfg;efjf6 ;+ljwfghf/L ug{sfnflu cg's'n jftfj/0f jg]g . hgtfsf] nfdf] ;+3if{sf] kl/0ffd k6s k6ssf ;+3if{ / d'VotM hgo'4 / to;}sf hudf ;+rflnt ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] kl/0ffd :j?k k|fKt ePsf] ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t ;+ljwfg hf/L x'bf g]kfnL hgtf Jojxfl/s ?kdf ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] klg k'li6 x'g] g]kfnL hgtfsf] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf klg x'g] ;d]tsf sf/0fn] vf; u/L hgtsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{ grfxg] oyfl:ylt / k|ltufld tTjx?sf xs{tsf sf/0fn] Tof] ;+ej ePg / ;xdlt ge} ;+ljwfg gjGg] ;dodf ;+ljwfg jgfpg g;s] ;jf]{Rr cbftnsf] cfb]z jdf]lhd :jt lj36g x'g] eP jdf]lhd klxnf] ;+ljwfg;ef ;+ljwfg hf/L gu/L ljbf x'g k'Uof] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] ljsNk ;+ljwfg;ef g} xf] eGg] dfGotfsf sf/0fn] csf]{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff xfd|} ;/sf/sf] kfnfdf u/]sf sf/0fn] dfq} l9n} eP klg ;+ljwfg;efjf6} ;+ljwfg eGg] s'/f oltj]nf :yflkt ePsf] 5 s]xL k|ltufdL oyfl:yltjfbLx? / ltgsf if8oGqdf km;]sf dflg;x? jfx]s ;+ljwfg;efsf] ljsNkdf jf ljkIfdf p7g ;s]sf 5}gg To;}sf] kl/0ffd:j?k xfdL ;+ljwfg;efsf] csf]{ lgjf{rgsf] bf}/fgdf 5f} .
klxnf] ;+ljwfg;ef klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotfdf ;xdt gePsf sf/0fn] hf/L gePsf] xf] . ;+3Lotfsf] dfdnf jfx]s c? dfdnfx?df ;xdlt ePs} lyof] klxrfgsf] k ;'Gg grfxg] / ;+3Lotfsf] ; ;'Gg grfxg] k|j[lQfsf sf/0fn] g} klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efjf6 ;+ljwfg hf/L x'g g;s]sf] xf] To;}n] plTkl8t hflt ju{ If]q / ln+usf /fhgtfnfO{  clwsf/ ;DkGg jgfpg] k'0f{ Uof/]06Lsf;fy ;+ljwfg;efjf6} ;+ljwfg / klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf ;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg plTkl8t hflt ju{ ln+u / If]qsf hgtfsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ ;+ljwfgsfnflu Pdfcf]jfbL k|ltj4 5 .
ljut ;f7L jif{b]lvsf] hgtfsf] rfxgfsf ?kdf /x]sf] ;+ljwfg;ef dxfg hgo'4 / ;f] s|ddf zxfbt k|fKt ug]{ zlxb tyf j]kQf of]4fx?sf] rfxgf h'g;'s} zt{df klg ;kmn jgfO{ 5f8g] Pdfcf]jfbLsf] k|ltj4tf xf] .

;dfj]zL, ;dfg'kflts Pj+ ;xeflutfd'ns hgd'vL nf]stGq,
Plss[t g]sfkf-dfcf]jfbL_sf] d'n dGq

/fhtGqsf] cGt e} u0ftGq :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . Ps hflt Ps efiff Ps If]q Ps ln+u / Ps ju{sf] xflnd'xfnL ePsf] /fHo Joj:yfsf lj?4sf] ;+3if{sf sf/0f ;dfj]zL, ;dfg'kflts Pj+ ;xeflutfd'ns hgd'vL nf]stGq oltj]nfsf] /fhgLltsf] d'Vo cfwf/ jg]sf] 5 . g]kfnL ;dfh ljljwtfo'Qm ;dfh xf] of] ;dfhsf ;j}n] /fHo ;Qfdf cfkmgf] pkl:ylt jf cfkmgf] Gofof]lrt lx:;f ePsf] b]Vg rfxG5 To;f] eP dfq hgtfn] cfkm'nfO{ Gofo ePsf] ;+emg] 5g\ To; cleofgsf] k|d'v cleoGtf x'gfsf gftfn] Pdfcf]jfbL o; k6ssf] lgjf{rgdf hgtfsf] Ph]08f cfkm';+u ePsf sf/0fn] hgtfsf] dt cfkm'n] k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ bfjf uj{sf;fy ug{5 . klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf jvt u0ftGq d'Vo d'2f lyof] sltko bnx? :ki6;+u u0ftGqsfnflu dt dfUg ;Sb}gy] Tof] l:yltdf klg dfcf]jfbLn] /fhtGqsf lj?4 u0ftGqsf] kIfdf cfkm'nfO{ v/f];+u pEofPsf sf/0fn] ;f] dt k|fKt ug{ / ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;j}eGbf 7'nf] bn x'g ;dy{ ePs} xf] To;}u/L oltj]nf klg dfcf]jfbL;+u ;dfj]zL ;dfg'kflts Pj+ ;xefljtfd'ns hgd'vL nf]wtGqsf] Ph]08f 5 o;}nfO{ p;n] cfkmgf] d'n dq jgfPsf] 5 To;sf/0f of] d'ndGqsf kIfw/x?n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ g} /fHg]5g\ eGg] s'/fdf Pdfcf]jfbL ljZj:t 5 .  

klxrfg;lxtsf] ‘;3Lotf ;+3Lotf ;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg
cfly{s ;Dj[l4 / ;fdflhs Gofo /fi6| lgdf{0fdf gof cfofd

PsfTds /fHo ;Qfsf sf/0fn] g]kfnL hgtf g]kfn /fi6| / g]kfnL ;dfh k5f}6] cj:yfdf g} /xof] . To;}sf lj?4 g]kfnL hgtfn] ljb|f]x u/] zxfbt k|fKt u/] j]kQf x'g tof/ eP To;sf/0f PsfTds /fHo ;Qfsf :yfgdf ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL dfcf]jfbLsf] k|ltj4tf xf] PsfTds zf;g k|0ffnLn] l;h{gf u/]sf ljs[lt / lj;+ultsf] cGt ug{ hgtsf] 3/ b}nf]df /fHosf] zf;g k'/ofpg / cfkmgf] zf;g cfkm}n] k|ToIf ?kdf ;+rfng ug{ kfpg] cj;/sf] ;'lglZrt ug{ ;+3Lotfsf] vfrf] k/]sf] xf] . ljljwtfo'Qm ;dfhdf ljutsf] PsfTds zf;g k|0ffnLn] Ps ju{ hflt If]q / ln+u nfO{ Gofo ug]{ jfsL ;j}nfO{ cGofo ug]{ cj:yf cfO{ k/of] . To;}n] ;j}nfO{ Gofo ug{ ;+3Lotf Tof] klg klxrfgdf cfwfl/t ;+3Lotfsf] vfrf] kb{5 . To;}n] ;j}nfO{ Gofo k|bfg ug]{ zf;g k|0ffnLsfnflu klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotfsf] gf/f dfcf]jfbLn] cl3 ;f/]sf] xf] . ljljwtfn] el/k'0f{ ;dfhdf klxrfg ;jf{lws dxTjsf] ljifo jGb5 . hf] hlt h] cj:yfdf 5g\ ltgsf] cl:tTj :jLsf/ ug]} / ltgsf] klxrfgnfO{ dfGotf k|bfg ug]{ ;Dd xf] c? s;}sf] klxrfg d]6g] jf c?dfly cgofo ug]{ eGg] x'g} ;Sb}g . ljljwtfo'Qm ;dfhdf klxrfg ljgfsf] ;+3Lotf cjnDjg ul/of] eg] To;n] Gofo lbg ;Sb}g eGg] s'/fdf xfd|f] kf6L{ :ki6 5 .
·       ;+3Lotfsf] j}1flgs / Jojxfl/s cfwf/ hftLo / If]qLo klxrfg g} xf] . oxf hftLo eGgfn] k|hflt jf gZn – Ethnicity or Race_ jf hftkft –Caste_ geP/ ;femf efiff ;emf e"uf]n ;femf cy{tGq / ;femf dgf]j}1flgs jgf]6 ePsf] dflg;x?sf] l:y/ ;d'x jf /fli6|otf -Nationality_sf] cy{df xf] eg]/ j'emg k5{ .  
·       klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf eg]sf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] /fHo k'g/;+/rgf tyf /fHo zlqmsf] jf8kmf8 ;ldltdf ;j{;Ddltn] tof/ kfl/Psf kfr cfwf/ x'g h;df hflt efiff ;+:s[lt ef}uf]lns Pj+ P]ltxfl;s lg/Gt/tf kb{5g\ .
·       Pp6f hfltsf] d'lQm csf]{ hfltdflysf] cGofon] klg ub}{g / Pp6f hfltsf] klxrfg :yflkt csf]{ hfltsf] klxrfg vf];]/ klg x'g;Sb}g .
·       Klxrfgsf kfr cfwf/df ;+3Lotfsf] vfsf sf]g{ xfdL k|ltj4 5f} .
·       ;+3Lotf s]jn e'uf]nsf] l;dfgf sf]g'{ dfq} x}g clwsf/sf] jf8kmf8 d'Vo xf] :jzf;g / cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;+3Lotfsf] k|d'v cfwf/ x'g]5 .
cfly{s ;Dj[l4 ljgf k|fKt /fhg}lts pknJwL klg hf]ufpg ;lsb}g eg] pkl/;+/rgfdf dfq} ePsf pknJwLn] cfwf/e"t ju{sf hgtfsf] hLjgdf s'g} vf; k|efj kfg}{ ;Sb}gg /fhg}lts ?kn] d'Qm hgtf cfly{s ?kn] ;Dj[4 ;dfh eP kl5 dfq} hgtfsf] nf]stGq :yflkt x'G5 . To;}n] cfly{s ?kn] ;+j[4 g]kfn dfcf]jfbLsf] rfxgf xf] eg] zf]if0fsf] dfWodjf6 /ftf/ft s/f]8 klt x'g] cj/j klt x'g] hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ hxfsf] txL /xg] cfly{s j[l4n] klg ;dfhnfO{ ;xL lbzfdf 8f]/fpg ;Sb}g To;}n] ;fdflhs Gofo ;lxtsf] cfly{s j[l4sf] kIfdf dfcf]jfbL plePsf]5 .
cGofok'0f{ ;dfhsf lj?4 ljb|f]xsf] Hjfnf bGsfpg] dfcf]jfbL Gofok'0f{ ;dfh :yfkgf ug{ rfxG5 Gofok'0f{ ;dfhsf cfwf/ eg]s} cfly{s ;Dj[l4 xf] / cfly{s ;Dj[l4sf] cfwf/ Gofok'0f{ eof] eg] hgtf Gofo klg kfpg] cfly{s ;+j[l4 klg kfpg] eP eg] dfq} /fi6| lgdf{0fsf] 9f]s v'Nb5 .
·       /fhg}lts pknJwL hf]ufpgsflglDt cfly{s ;Dj[l4
·       Hfgtfsf] hLjgdf cfwf/e"t kl/jt{g Nofpgsfnflu cfly{s ;Dj[l4
·       pkl/;+/rgf dfq} x}g cfwf/ jbNg] cfwf/ tof/ kfg{sfnflu cfly{s ;Dj[l4
·       pkl/;+/rgfdf ;+rfng ePsf] ju{ ;+3if{sf] :j?k cfwf/ jbNg] s'/fdf k|of]u ub}{ pTkfbg k|0ffnL jbNgsfnflu cfly{s ;Dj[l4 .
·       ;fdGtL pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf] 5q5fofdf l6s]sf] bnfn / g]fs/zfxL k'hLsf] g]t[Tj / jr{Zj /x]sf] pTkfbg k|0ffnLnfO{ lj:yfkg ub}{ :jflwg,cfTdlg/e{/ / hgd'vL pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug{ gof 9+usf] ;+3if{sfnflu cfly{s ;Dj[l4 .
·       Gof ;+s|d0fsflng cy{gLltsf] sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/]/ bz jif{df dWod:t/, @) jif{df pRr:t/ / $) jif{df cltpRr:t/sf] ljsf;sf] sf]6Ldf k'/ofO{g]5 .
·       ;fdGtjfbL pTkfbg ;DjGwsf] cGt ub}{ /f]huf/L ;lxtsf] cfly{s j[l4 ;fj{hgLs gLlh ;fem]bf/L / ;xsf/L cleofgsf cfwf/df pTkfbg / lgdf{0fsflglDt ;+3if{ kf6L{ /0fgLltsf] gof cfofd jgfPsf] ;Gbe{df hgtfn] cg'ej ug{ ;Sg] cfly{s j[l4 dfcf]jfbL cleofg x'g]5 .
·       lj1fg k|ljlwsf ;fy} /fli6|o ;fwg >f]tsf] clwstd k|of]u ub}{ ;dfhjfb pGd'v /fli6|o cf}Bf]lus k'lhjfbsf] ljsf; tTsfnsf] vfrf] xf] .
·       s[lif / jgdf cfwfl/t ko{6g pBf]udf hf]8 b]znfO{ ;Dj[4 jgfpg] pkfo x'g]5.
·       bz jif{df bz xhf/ d]3fjf6 ljB't pTkfbg u/L cfufld bz jif{df ;j} ufp / 3/x?df ljh'nL ljt/0f ug{ ;lsg] cfwf/ tof/ kfg]{

l:y/ Pj+ e|i6frf/d'Qm ;/sf/sfnflu k'0f{ jx'dt cu|ufld gof ;+ljwfgsfnflu b'O{ltxfO{ dt
l:y/ ;/sf/ hgtfsf] ;Dj[l4sf] cfwf/ t x'b} xf] z';f;gsf] klg cfwf/ xf] cl:y/ ;/sf/ e|i6frf/sf] sf/0f klg xf] To;}n] e|i6frf/ d'Qm ;dfh ljgf g nf]stGq g ;Dj[l4 s]xL klg xft nfUb}g ldlnh'nL ;/sf/ cl:y/ ;/sf/ ;/sf/ l6sfpg plrt cg'lrt ;j} dfdnfdf ;+efm}t fug{ kg]{ jfWotfn] z';f;gsf] cg'e"lt lbnfpg} ;lsb}g eGg] tYo ljutsf 36gfs|dn] g} b]vfPsf] 5 . hj e|i6frf/jf6 d'Qm ;/sf/ jgfpg ;lsb}g tj hgtfsf] ljsf;sf] rfxgf klg k'/f ug{ ;lsb}g To;}n] z';f;g / hgtfsf] ljsf;sf] rfxgf k'/f ug{ dfq} sfnflu klg k'0f{ jx'dtsf] ;/sf/ clgjfo{ 5 To;} u/L oltj]nf csf]{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg dfkm{t ;+ljwfg hf/L ug'{5 To;sfnflu b'O{ ltxfO{ jx'dt clgjfo{ 5 To;}n] oltj]nf ;/sf/ / ;+ljwfg b'j} lbg ;Sg] cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbL / dfcf]jfbL;+u Ph]08f ldNg]x?sf] u7jGwgnfO{ k|fKt x'g clgjfo{ 5 .
/fli6|o lxtsf] /Iff Pj+ :jflwgtf, Plss[t g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf] b[9 k|ltj4tf
Dffcf]jfbL /fi6|lxtsf] /Iffsfnflu / b]z / hgtfsf] :jflwgtfsfnflu :yfkgf ePsf] / To;}sfnflu ;+3if{ ub}{ cfPsf] kf6L{ xf] To;}n] /fi6| lxt / :jflwgtf k|f0feGbf Kof/f] 5 . o; k|lt dfcf]jfbL b[9 k|ltj4 5 .
·       Df08n] /fi6|jfb Pj+ cGw/fi6|jfb x}g k|ultlzn /fi6|jfbsf] kIfkf]if0f ub}{ b]z / hgtfsf] lxt / pGgltdf cGt/fli6|o ;DjGw ljsf; ug]{ s'/fdf ljZjf; ub{5 .
·       c;dfg ;GwL ;+emf}tfx?sf] vf/]hL ub}{ b]z / hgtfsf lxt cg's'n x'g] u/L gof ;GwL ;+emf}tf ug]{ .
·       v'nf l;dfsf] Joj:yfkg kmut gf/fdf x}g ;To tYosf cfwf/df u/]/ l;dfgfsf] ;'/Iff ug]{ .
·       /fli6o cfjZostf / lxtsf cfwf/df ljb]zL ;xof]u / cg'bfg Pj+ kl/of]hgfx?sf] ;+rfngsf] kl/kf6L j;fNg] .
·       uf]vf{ elt{ Pj+ j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] cj:yfnfO{ :j/f]huf/ sfo{s|d dfkm{t b]z leq} Jofks /f]hfuf/Lsf] l;h{gf ub}{ k|lt:yfkg ug]{ .
·       gof g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/ cfw'lgs ef}lts k'jf{wf/ eGg] gf/fs;fy Jojl:yt zx/Ls/0f Plss[t e"pkof]u gLlt Pj+ u|fld0f k'jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf ljz]if Wofg lbg] .
·       nf]stGqsf] s]Gb| jflx/ vf]Hg] /fli6|otfsf] s]Gb| /fhfdxf/fhfdf vf]Hg] ;fdGtL k|j[ltsf lj?4df nf]stGq / /fli6|otf b'j}sf] s]Gb| hgtfdf vf]Hg cfJxfgsf;fy yfngL ePsf] hgo'4s} cfnf]sdf To;nfO{ cem} ;+j[4 ub}{ k|ultlzn /fi6|jfbsf] ljsf; ub}{ /fli6|otf / nf]stGq b'j}sf] ;Dj[l4s/0f oltj]nfsf] vfrf] xf] .
gof g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts cfwf/M
·       gof g]kfn, ;'lzlIft, ;';+:s[t / :j:y g]kfnsf] gf/fnfO{ d't{ ?k lbg ;fdflhs ;+f:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] j[xb u'?of]hgf jgfP/ o'4:t/df sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
·       kfr jif{leq lg/If/tf k'0f{ ?kn] pGd'ng ul/g]5.
·       ;j}nfO{ cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo;]jf lgz'Ns pknJw u/fO{g]5
·       dlxnfnfO{ k}t[s ;DklQ nufot ;dfh,cy{tGq / /fHosf x/]s If]qdf ljz]if clwsf/;lxt ;dfg ;xeflutfsf] Uof/]06L ul/g]5 .
·       k'/} b]znfO{ 5'jf5't d'Qm 3f]if0ff ul/g]5 .
·       pRr:t/Lo o'jf cfof]u u7g ug]{
·       zlxb kl/jf/,j]kQf kl/jf/ / o'4sf 3fO{t], ckf8 d'lZnd h]i7 gful/s g]>f] ln+uL / kof{j/0fsf ljifodf ;d]t kf6L{ u+le/ 5 .

Plss[t dfcf]jfbL g} lsg <

;+ljwfg;ef, u0ftGq , wd{ lg/k]Iftf, ;dfj]lztf cfly{s ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf] jfxs ePsf sf/0fn],
pTkfbg / lgdf{0fsflglDt ;+3if{ kf6L{ /0fgLltsf] gof cfofd eGg] dxflwj]zgs} Dof08]6 ePsf sf/0fn],
cfly{s ;Dj[l4 ljgf /fhg}lts pknJwL klg jrfpg ;lsb}g eGg] lgisif{df kf6L{ k'u]sf sf/0fn],
pk/f]Qm sfo{ef/ Pdfcf]jfbL jfx]s c? s;}n] k'/f ug{ g;Sg] ePsf sf/0fn],

ljutdf s] ul/of] s] ug{ sf]lz; ul/of] s] ug{ lbPgg\ <
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg nuQ} dfcf]jfbL 7'nf] zlQmsf ?kdf pkl:yt ePsf sf/0fn] ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj nfdf] ;do;Dd ;'lDkPg . ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg gu/L ;/sf/ jgfpg] / 9fng]

;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf s] u/of} s] ug{ sf]lz; u/of} s] ug{ lbPgg\ <


FEDERAL dEMOCRACY AND CONFUSION AND REALITY

;+3Lotf / nf]stGq e|d / jf:tljstf
lvdnfn b]jsf]6f
Ef"ldsfM


g]kfnL ;dfh oltj]nf ;+3Lotf / nf]stGqsf jf/]df ljeflht 5 . ;+3Lotfsf jf/]df ;xdlt h'6g g;s]sf sf/0fn] gof ;+ljwfg jgfpg gkfO{sg ;+ljwfg;efsf] cjzfg ePsf]5 eg] nf]stGqsf jf/]df klg j'emfO{ / Jojxf/df cGt/ 5g\ ;fy;fy} s]xL c;embf/Lx? Klg 5g\ log} s'/fx?sf] ;dfwfg gu/Lsg g]kfnL ;dfhn] /fhg}lts :yfloTj klg gkfpg] / /fhg}lts :yfloTj ljgf cfly{s ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f klg ;+ej gx'g] cj:yf cfPsf] 5 To;sf/0f of] ljifo lgs} dxTjsf] jg]sf] 5 o;} ljifodf ;+If]kdf rrf{ ug]{ k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 .


;fdfGo cy{df eGg] xf] eg] ;+3Lotf eg]sf] zlQmsf] jf8kmf8 xf] . /fHo zlQmsf] jf8kmf8 s]Gb|df dfq} l;ldt g/fv]/ s]Gb| k|b]z / :yfgLo tx x'b} cGo lgsfox?df jf8kmf8 ug]{ s'/f g} cfwf/e"t ?kdf ;+3Lotfsf] dd{ xf] . d'VotM s]Gb|df s]lGb|t /x]sf] /fHosf] zlQm k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf k'/ofpg] k2lt xf] ;+3Lotf  h;n] hgtfsf] glhsdf cfkmgf] ;/sf/ e]6fpg] s'/fsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg] ub{5 .

ljifo k|j]zM

cf/Dedf ;+3Lotfsf] ljifo sDo'lgi6 zf;g lj?4sf] cleofgsf ?kdf klg cfPsf] xf] . sDo'lgi6 zf;g k2ltdf] ;Dk'0f{ zlQm /fHo / ltgsf lgsfodf s]lGb|t x'g] x/]s s'/f /fHosf] clwgdf x'g] / hgtfsf] ;'v b'vdf klg /fHo g} lrlGtt klg x'g] / /fHon] lhDdf klg lng] k2lt ljsf; ePsf] kfO{G5 . of] k2ltnfO{ r'gf}lt lbgsfnflu /fHosf] e"ldsf 36fpg /fHodf s]lGb|t zlQmsf] ljefhg ug{ / /fHosf k|b]z / :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ dhj't jgfpgsfnflu k'lhjfbL ljZjdf of] cjwf/0ffsf] ljsf; eof] . lgs} nfdf] ;do;Dd sDo'lgi6x? ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf lj?4df n8] . ;+;f/sf] ;j}eGbf k'/fgf] ;+3Lotf :jL6h/Nof08sf] dflgG5 To; k2ltnfO{ cjnDjg ug{ Toxfsf] /fHon] cg]sf} k6s dtbfg u/]sf] / sDo'lgi6x? ;+3Lotfsf] ljkIfdf plePsf] O{ltxf; ;fIfL 5 . t/ kl5Nnf lbgx?df k"lhjfbLx?n] sDo'lgi6 zf;g k2ltsf lj?4df cjnDjg ug{ vf]h]sf] k2lt hgtfsf] clwsf/ ;DkGg ug]{ s'/f tkm{ hfg yfNof] eg] sDo'lgi6x? ;du| hgtfsf] d'lQm / hgtnfO{ clwsf/;DkGg u/fpg] cleofgsf] g]t[Tjstf{ x'gfsf gftfn] ;+3Lotfn] cfkmg} w]o k'lt{ x'g] s'/fdf ;xdt x'b} ;+3Lotf k'lhjfb / ;dfhjfb ;j}sfnflu ;fwgsf ?kdf :jLsf/ ul/of] / ;+3LotfnfO{ zf;gsf] nf]stflGqs/0fsf ?kdf :jLsf/ ul/of] o; kl5 eg] o;sf] k|of]u / JofVof Ps csf{sf lj/f]wL jf cfkmgf] :jfy{df JofVof ug]{ eGbf klg hgtfnfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg u/fpg] cy{df :jLsf/ ul/of] tj o;sf] ljsf; leGg 9+un] x'g yfNof] . ljZjsf ;Gbe{df klg o;nfO{ s] k'lhjfbL s] ;dfhjfbL ;j} d'n'sn] ;kmntfk'j{s cjnDjg ug{ yfn]sf ;Gbe{df g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df klg PsfTds zf;g k2ltsf :yfgdf ;+3Lo k2lt cjnDjg ug{ dGh'/ ul/Psf] 5 .

;+3Lotfsf cfwf/e"t dfGotfx?M

zlQmsf] jf8kmf8 ;+3Lotfsf] klxnf] dfGotf xf] . /fHozlQm s]Gb|df lglxt x'g] /fHonfO{ s;/L hgtfsf] glhsdf k'/ofpg] eGg] g} o;sf] w]o /xg] ub{5 . hlt w]/} /fHosf] zlQm hgtfsf] lgs6df k'Uof] Toltw]/} Tof] /fHo jlnof] x'g] hgkIfLo x'g] / :yfoL x'g] cj:yf cfO{ kb{5 . To;}n] cjsf] /fHo nf]stflGq /fHo hgtfsf] kx'rsf] /fHo / hgtfsf] ;]jfdf ;dlk{t /fHosf ?kdf pEofpg] eGg] g} lrGtf ePsf sf/0fn] ;+3LotfnfO{ cfw'lgs /fHox?n] cjnDjg ug]{ u/]sf] cj:yf 5 .

:jzf;g ;+3Lotfsf] csf]{ cfwf/e"t dfGotf xf] . lg/+s'z tGqdf zf;g zf;sx?n] u5{g . /fhf dxf/fhfx?n] ug]{ zf;g nf]stflGqs klg x'b}g / Tof] zf;g hgtfsf] klg x'g} ;Sb}g j? hgtfsf lj?4df zf;g ul/Psf] x'g]5 . hgtfsf lj?4sf] zf;gnfO{ hgtfn] dg k/fPgg\ / nf]stGqsf] nx/ pn]{/ cfof] h;n] lg/+s'ztf / cnf]stflGqs zf;g k2ltnfO{ j9f/]/ klg nUof] / o; kl5 hgtf cfkm} cfkmgf] zf;g ug]{ cleofgdf h'6g yfn] h;nfO{ :jzf;g elgof] . cfhsf] b'lgofdf dflg;n] dflg;dfly g} zf;g ug]{ s'/f o'u ;'xfpbf] klg ePg / nf]stGq ;'xfpbf] klg ePg To;}n] cfkmgf]nflu cfkm}n] zf;g ug]{ k2lt :jzf;gnfO{ ;+3Lotfsf] jlnfof] vDjfsf] ?kdf :jLsf/ ul/of] .

Kflxrfg ;+3Lotfsf] csf]{ cfwf/e"t dfGotfsf ?kdf ljsl;t x'g k/Uof] . cfhsf] b'lgofdf dfgjhflt cfkm' sf] x' hfGg rfxg] pT;'stfjf6 nfnflot eof] . cfkmgf] klxrfgsf jf/]df cfkmgf] /fHosf] ;+j]bglzntf vf]Hg yfNof] / cfkmgf] klxrfg ;lxtsf] zf;g k2ltsf] kIfdf pleg yfNof] h;sf] kl/0ffdf klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf ePsf] nf]stflGqs /fHo cfhsf] cfjZostf jGg k'Uof] .

cfTd lg0f{osf] clwsf/ klg ;+3Lotfsf] cfwf/e"t dfGotf xf] . ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL eg]sf] zf;gdf ;fem]bf/L / :jzf;gsf] plrt ;Gt'ng g} xf] . hj zf;gdf ;fem]bf/L / :jzf;gsf] plrt ;Gt'ng ldn]sf] /fHosf] kl/sNkgf ul/G5 tj Toxf plTk8gsf] k|Zg g} p7b}g . sy+sbflrt plTk8gsf] cj:yf cfO{ k/]df ;+3x?nfO{ ;+3df j;f]jf; ug]{ gful/sx?nfO{ x/]s ljifodf cfkm} lg0f{o ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ s'/f nf]stGqsf] pRrtd ljlw g} xf] . of] ljlwnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ xf] eg] nf]stGqsf] pRrtd k|of]u g} x'g]5 . olb of] ljifo :jLsf/ ug{ ;lsPg eg] cf+lzs nf]stGqsf] ememNsf] lbg]5 . cf+lzs nf]stGq jf:tjdf nf]stGq g} x}g . To;sf/0f cfTd lg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] ljifo klg ;+3Lotfsf] cfwf/e"t dfGotf leq} ob{5 .

cu|flwsf/ ljz]ifflwsf/ / ;sf/fTds lje]b nf]stflGq ;+3Lo k2ltsf] csf]{ dxTjsf] kf6f] xf] . ;+3Lotf ;jf{lws nf]stflGq k2lt xf] eg] o;n] ;dfhsf] jgf]6nfO{ Vofn ub}{ ;dfhsf ;j} ju{ If]q ln+u / ;d'bfosf] lxtnfO{ ;d'lrt Wofg lbg h?/L x'G5 . c;dfg 9+un]ljsf; ePsf] ;dfh x'gfsf gftfn] k5fl8 k/]sf] If]q ju{ ln+u / ;d'bfosf] clwsf/nfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstfdf /fVg] plgx?sfnflu ljz]if clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ jf ;sf/fTds lje]bsf] dfWod4f/f  ;dfg ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff cufl8 j9fpg] Joj:yf ug'{ plrt x'G5 . o;sfnflu /fHosf] cfkmgf] rl/q / ljz]iftfsf cfwf/df ljljwtf x'g ;Snf t/. gLltdf ;dfg ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffsf] ljsf; ug]{ x'g' clgjfo{ h:t} jg]sf] 5 . of] s'/fsf] k|Tofe"ltn] dfq} ;+3Lotf / nf]stflGqs ;+3Lotfsf] k'li6 ug]{5 .

nf]stGqsf cfwf/e"t dfGotfx?M

nf]stGq ;fdfGo cf}krfl/stf  dfq} xf] ls of] hjg k2lt xf] eGg] jx; oltj]nf /fd|/L rNg yfn]sf] 5 . s]jn r'Gg] r'lgg] dfq} nf]stGq xf] ls nf]stGq eg]sf] Tof] eGbf cln j9L klg xf] eGg] jf/]df klg Tolts} jx; x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o;}sf/0f cf}krfl/s nf]stGq ls jf:tljs nf]sTgq oltj]nfsf] rrf{sf] ljifo jGg] u/]sf] 5 . nf]stGq eg]sf] hgtfsf] zf;g xf] . t/ hgtfsf] zf;g eGg] t/ zf;g hgtfdfly ug]{ of] ljlw / k|s[of gf}nf] x}g . olb nf]stGq xf] eg] Tof] hgtfsf] zf;g x'g' k5{ . hgtfsf] zf;g eg]sf] zf;g k2lt hgtfsf] lgoGq0f lguf/gL / x:tIf]kdf /xg' kb{5 .

hgtfsf] kx'rdf Tof] zf;g k2lt x'g kb{5 . hgtfsf] kx'r / hgtfsf] cfTd;flts/0fsf] zf;g k2lt dfq} nf]stflGqs k2lt x'g]5 . zf;g hgtfn] ug]{ hgtfsf k|ltlglwn]ug]{ zf;g k2lt kf/bzL{ x'g] hgtfsf] ;]jfdf zf;g ;+rflnt 5 eGg] s'/fsf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ ;Sg] pko'Qm ljlw / k|s[ofsf] ljsf; ePsf] x'g kg]{ h:tf cfwf/e"t ljifox? Nf]fstGqsf cfwf/e"t dfGotf leq kb{5g\ .

nf]stGqn] hgtfsf] hLjgk2ltdf cfwf/e"t ?kdf kl/jt{g ug]{ tfst /fVg] x'g h?/L 5 . hgtfsf] hLjg jblnPsf] d'n'sn] cjnDjg u/]sf] k2ltsf sf/0fn] xf] eGg] s'/fsf] 1fg ;fdfGo gful/sn] klg /fVg h?/L 5 tj dfq} Tof] nf]stGq cf}krfl/s x}g jf:tljs nf]stGqsf ?kdf jblng] 5 .

oltj]nf nf]stGqsf jf/]df rrf{ ubf{ cf}krfl/stfdf l;ldt cfjlws lgjf{rgsf] dfWodjf6 x/]s kfr jif{df cfkmgf k|ltlglw r'Gg] / ltg} cfkm}n] r'g]sf k|ltlglwx? Dfkm{t cfkm}dflysf] zf;gsf] k|tf8gf ef]Ug] k'/fgf] / cf}krfl/s nf]stGqsf] ljsNk hgtfn] vf]h]sf 5g\ tfls Tof] nf]stGq hgtfsf] hLjg kl/jt{g ug{df ;kmn /xf]; .

;+3Lotf / nf]stGqsf] cGof]Gofl>t ;DjGwM

nf]stGq cjsf] zf;g k2ltsf] kof{o jg]sf] 5 . cjsf] nf]stGq hgtfdf cfwfl/t nf]stGq g} x'g]5 . Tof] nf]sTfGqn] hgtfsf] hLjgdf ?kfGt/0f ug]{ tfut /fSg h?/L 5 . of] kl/k|]Ifdf xfdLn] eGb} u/]sf] ;+3Lotf nf]stGqsf cfwf/e"t dfGotfx?nfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ ;S5 ls ;Sb}g . oltj]nfsf] dfkb08 eg]sf] oxL xf] . ;+3Lotf /fHosf] ;+/rgf xf] nf]stGq zf;g k2lt xf] Tof] ;+3Lo ;+/rgf nf]stflGqs k2ltsf] vfsfdf v/f] plqG5 ls pqb}g oltj]nfsf] d'Vo rf;f] oxL xf] . ;+3Lo zf;g k2ltn] /fHo zlQmsf] jf8kmf8 ug]{ s'/fdf plrt Wofg lbg ;s]sf] 5 ls 5}g of] zf;g k2ltn] lbPsf] rf;f] hgpkof]uL 5 ls 5}g / hgtfn] cfTd;ft u/]sf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ < oL / o:t} cfwf/e"t dfGotfx?sf cfwf/df ;+3Lo k2lt jf:tljs nf]stflGqs 5 ls 5}g eGg] s'/fsf] 7]ufg nfUg] ub{5 . To;}n] ;+3Lotf s]jn e"uf]nsf] ljefhg x}g of] t hgtfsf] ;fem]bf/L / lx:;]bf/LnfO{ zf;g k2ltdf Psfsf/ u/fpg] s'/f xf] . zf;gdf ;fem]bf/L / Gofof]lrt zflQmsf] jf8kmf8n] dfq} Tof] ;+3Lotf nf]stflGqs x'g]5 / tj dfq} ;+3Lo nf]stGq x'g]5 eGg] s'/f x]Ssf /fVg h?/L 5 .

klxrfg k|fKt ug]{ s'/f klxrfgn] dfGotf kfpg] s'/f / klxrfgn] ;Ddfg ;lxt ;+/If0f kfpg] s'/f hgtfsf] clwsf/ xf] eg] /fHosf] st{Jo xf] . o; dfdnfdf /fHo slt rgfvf] 5 /fHon] sltsf] rf;f] / O{R5f zlQm b]vfPsf] 5  / /fHosf ;+oGqx?sf] kxnsbdL sltsf] sfdofjL ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f x'g]5 . ;j}ju{ hflt If]q ln+u / ;d'bfosf dflg;x?sf] klxrfg ;xLtsf] ;+3Lotf cGttM nf]stflGqs ;+3Lotfdf ?kfGt/0f x'g]5 . cfkmgf] /fHodf j;f]jf; ug]{ ljleGg ju{ If]q ln+u ;d'bfosf dflg;x?sf] klxrfgnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ g;Sg] ;+l3otf g t ;++3Lotf g} x'G5 g t Tof] nf]stflGqs g} x'G5 . klxrfgnfO{ /fli6|otfsf ?kdf u|x0f ug]{ eGbf klg ljz'4 hftLo cfwf/df dfq} j'emg] uNtLsf sf/0fn] klg klxrfg :jo+df ljjfbf:kb jGg k'u]sf] kSs} xf] klxrfg;lxtsf] ;+3Lotfsf lj/f]wLx?nfO{ ;oeGbf j9L hft ePsf 7fpdf ;j} hftnfO{ /fHo s;/L ;+ej 5 eGg] klg 7fp ldn]sf] 5 . To;}n] klxrfg ;lxtsf] :d/0f /xf]; hftsf cfwf/df x}g /fli6|otfsf cfwf/df ;+3Lotf nf]stflGqs ;+3Lotfsf] cleGg c+usf ?kdf /xg]5 eGg ;lsG5 .

cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/nfO{ b]z 6'S|ofpg] cZqsf ?kdf cfTd;ft ug]{ k|rng klg b]lvof] . b]z 6'S|ofpg] u/L cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf eg] :jLsf ug{ ;lsGg eGg] klg egfO{x? cfPsf 5g\ . oL egfO{x? d'nt ;+3LotfnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug]{ g} dfgl;stfsf pkhx? X'g\ ;+3LotfnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{ bl/nf] cZqsf ?kdf cfTdlg0f{osf] ljifonfO{ lng] / o;nfO{ b]z 6'S|ofpg] cy{df JofVof ug]{ s'/f oq tq ePsf] 5 cGtt o;n] ;+3LotfnO{ c:jLsf/ ug]{ jfxfgfsf ?kdf b'?kof]u u/]sf] 5 o; tkm{ ;r]t x'g h?/L 5 .

cu|flwsf/ ljz]ifflwsf/ / ;sf/fTds lje]b h:tf ljifox? cfw'lgs /fHosf cfwf/e"t dfGotfx? g} x'g\ . nf]stGqn] c;dfgtfnfO{ 6'n'6'n' x]/]/ j:g} ;Sb}g . ;dfgtf nf]stGqsf] c;nL cy{ / dd{ b'j} xf] t/ ;dfh c;dfg 5 ;dfhdf c;dfg ju{ hflt If]q ln+u / ;d'bfosf dflg;x? klg 5g\ ltgnfO{ ;dfgtfsf] z'qdf jfWgsfnflu /fHon] s]xL g s]xL 7f]; gLlt cjnDjg ug}{ kb{5 o;sf lgldQ ;+3Lo /fHo g} x'g klg h?/L 5}g PsfTds /fHon] klg o:tf gLlt cjnDjg ug]{ / k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] kfO{G5 . cfhsf] /fHo PsfTds jf6 ;+3Lo /fHodf kl/0ft x'g] k|j[ltdf 5g\ o;f] ubf{ hgtfsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;+/If0f / ;Djw{g ug]{ g} d'n gLlt /xg] s'/f lglj{jfb 5 To;}n] cjsf] ;+3Lo nf]stGq hgtfsf] cu|flwsf/ ljz]ifflwsf/ / ;sf/fTds lje]b cjnDjg ug]{ gLlt ;lxtsf] x'g h?/L ePsf] 5 .
@! Cf} ztfJbLsf] k|j[lQ g]kfnL jf:tljstfjf/]M


Kf2ltsf lx;fjn] oltj]nfsf] k2lt nf]stGqsf] k|j[lt xf] eg] ;+/rgfsf] lx;fjn] PsfTds jf6 ;+3Lotf tkm{sf] ofqfsf] k|j[lQ xf] . nf]stfGq / ;+3Lotfsf] k|j[lt cf}krfl/stfdf l;dlt x}g jf:tljstfdf cfwfl/t klg xf] To;}n] of] ;Gbe{df xfd|f] g]kfnL jf:tljstfnfO{ lgofNg h?/L 5 .

G]fkfn nfdf];dob]lvsf] PsfTds s]lGb|s[t /fhtGqfTds zf;g k2ltjf6 zfl;t d''s xf] . lgs} nfdf] ;+3if{sf] kl/0ffd :j?k l:yltdf sfofkn6 ePsf] 5 . ljut ;f7L jif{b]lvsf] ;+3if{sf jfjh'b klg k|fKt ug{ sl7g ePsf] ;+ljwfg;ef u0ftGq wd{lg/k]Iftf ;dfj]lztf / ;+3Lotf h:tf ljifox? dxfg hgo'4 hgcfGbf]ng / dw]z cfGbf]ngn] :yflkt u/]sf x'g\ . oBlk ;+ljwfg;ef k|fKt u/]/ klg ;+ljwfg;ef ;+ljwfg lbg' cufj} cjzfg x'g' k/]sf] b'vb If0fdf klg xfdL 5f} tyflk hgo'4 / hgcfGbf]ngjf6 k|fKt pknJwLnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{] lhDd]jf/L km][l/ klg /fhg}lts bnx?s} xf] bnx? Tof] k|s[ofdf klg s]lGb|t 5g\ .  of] cj:yfdf PsfTdsjf6 ;+3fTds /fhtGqjf6 u0ftGq lxGb' clw/fHojf6 wd{lg/k]If x'b} c;dfj]zL /fHojf6 ;dfj]zL x'b} u/]sf] ;Gbe{ ;+ljwfg dfkm{t ;+:yfut ug{ jfsL g} 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] ljsNk ;+ljwfg;ef g} eg] em} ;+ljwfg;efjf6 jGg] ;+ljwfgdf pk/f]Qm ljifox? ;+:yfut ug{ h?/L 5 . o;sfnflu ljZjdf jblnPsf] k|j[lQnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljljwtfnfO{ klxrfg ub}{ hgtfsf] kx'rdf /fHo;Qfsf] lj:tf/ ub}{ ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] dd{nfO{ phfu/ ug{ klg h?/L ePsf] 5 . ljZj Joj:yfsf tfndf g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ jbNg ;lsPg eg] g]kfnL ;dfh kl5 kg]{5 o;sf] c;/ efjL k':tf ;Dd klg kg]{ 5 xfd|f sf/0fn] efjL k':tfnfO{ kl5 kfg]{ sfd gu/f}+ oxL d]/f] sfdgf klg 5 .

lgisif{df M
;+3Lotf / nf]stGq Ps csf{sf k'/s jGg k'u]sf 5g\ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df . ;+3Lotf ljgfsf] nf]stGq g]kgfnL ;dfhn] :jLsf/ ug]{ cj:yfdf 5}g eg] n]fstGq ljgfsf] ;+3Lotf klg dfGo x'g] 5}g . To;}n] ;+3Lotf / nf]sTgq Ps csf{sf lj/f]wLsf] ?kdf k|:t't ug]{ / ;+3Lotf / nf]stGq b'j}nfO{ w/fkdf kfl/lbg] vt/gfs v]nx? Klg xfd|f ;fd' gx'g] u/]sf x}gg\ To;}n] nf]stGq lj/f]wL / ;+3Lotf lj/f]wLx?sf o:tf xs{tx?nfO{ j]n}df lrb}{ nf]stGq / ;+3Lotf Ps csf{sf lj/f]wL x}gg\ kl/k'/s x'g eGg] s'/f cfTd;ft ub}{ / cfd hgtfdf u/fpb} cl3 j9g' g} oltn]nfsf] cfjZostf xf] . to;}n] cgfjZos xNnfdf x}g jf:tljstfdf cfwfl/t eP/ g} klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf / ;+3Lotf ;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg g]kfnL df]8]nsf] @! Cf} ztfJbLsf] nf]stGq x'g]5 oxL df]8]nn] ljZjsf c? d'n'sx?nfO{ klg ;Gb]z lbg ;Sg]5 oxL sfdgf u/f}+ .






ROLE OF INTELLECTUALS FOR FORWARDLOOKING TRANSFORMATION


cu|ufld ?kfGt/0fsf] cleofgdf af}l4s ;d'bfosf] sfo{ef/jf/]
lvdnfn b]jsf]6f
g]kfn /fli6|o k|ultlzn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf] Pstfsf] kfrf} /fli6|o ;Dd]ng O{ltxf;s} cToGt hl6n / r'gf}lt / ;+efjgfx?sf jLrdf ;DkGg eof] / o;n] cfkmgf] O{ltxf;df g} ;+emgfnfos x'g] u/L /fli6|o / cGt/fli6|o dxTj / k|efj /fVg] vfnsf] x'g] u/L b]zleqsf /fhgLltsf d'Vo v]nf8Lx? / ljZj /+udGrsf klg plQs} k|efjsf/L v]nf8Lx?sf] hd36 Pp6} d+rdf u/fpg] sfd u/of] . pb3f6g sfo{s|dsf jvt pkl:yt kfx'gfx?sf] ;+jf]wg dGtJo lgs} dd{:kzL{ lyof] . lgoldt / k/dk/fut vfnsf cf}krfl/s efif0fx?nfO{ tf]8b} ;fRr} af}l4s ;d'bfon] v]Ng] e"ldsfsf jf/]df rrf{ / k|lzIf0f eof] eg] cGt/fli6|o ;d'bfosf tkm{jf6 oltj]nfsf] cGt/fli6|o kl/l:ylt / g]kfnn] v]Ng] e'ldsfsf jf/]df rrf{ eof] eg] g]kfn / cGt/fli6|o ;d'bfo jLrsf] ;DjGwsf jf/]df klg rrf{ eof] ;fydf g]kfnL s|flGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf] jf/]df s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLn] v]Ng] e"ldsfsf] jf/]df klg ;ldIff eof] eg] g]kfn a'l4hLjL ;+u7g;+u ldn]/ sfd ug{ rfx]sf] klg O{R5f JoQm u/] o;n] nfdf] ;dob]lv yflt /x]sf] ;+u7gsf] ;Dd]ng nufotsf ultljlwx?nfO{ phf{ g} lbg] u/L dxTjk'0f{ pknJwL xfl;n ePsf] 5 .
b]z leqsf] /fhgLltsf] s'/f ubf{ klg l:ylt lgs} hl6n df]8df g} 5 . P]ltxfl;s ?kdf k|fKt ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] cjlwjf6 ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f x'g g;sL cj;fg ePsf sf/0fn] csf]{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;+3f/df g} 5, ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] cGt e} u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 t/ To;nfO{ gof ;+ljwfg dfkm{t ;+:yfut ug]{ sfo{ef/ jfsL 5 . nfdf] ;do;Ddsf] PsfTds /fHo ;+/rgfsf] cGt :jfoQtf :jzf;g / cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;lxtsf] klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotfsf] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ePsf] 5 To;nfO{ klg ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yfkg ug{ jf+sL 5 . wd{ lg/k]Iftf / ;dfj]lztfsf] cj:yfnfO{ klg ;+:yfut ug{ jfsL g} 5 . ;du|df ;dfj]zL ;dfg'kflts / ;xeflutfd'ns ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq oltj]nfsf] k'lhjfbL s|flGtsf] dxTjk'0f{ sfo{ef/ xf] hf] k'/f ug{ kg]{ cj:yfdf 5 . ;fy;fy} cfly{s s|flGt ljgf k|fKt /fhg}lts pknJwLx?nfO{ hf]ufpg / ;+:yfut ug{ klg ;+ej 5}g eGg] lgisif{sf ;fy Pdfcf]jfbLn] pTkfbg / lgdf{0fsfnflu ;+3if{ kf6L{ /0fgLltsf] gof cfofd s} ?kdf cufl8 ;f/]sf] cj:yf 5 . o:tf] 38Ldf s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?n] v]Ng kg]{ e"ldsfsf jf/]df ;+If]kdf rrf{ ug]{ k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 .
g]kfnL ;dfh jblnP/ k'lhjfbf]Gd'v ePsf]5 M
g]kfnL ;dfh oltj]nf klg ljut ;f7L jif{ h:t} cw{ ;fdGtL / cw{ cf}klgj]lzs g} 5 jf dxfg hgo'4sf] jndf ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng ;d]tsf] ;fy ;xof]udf u0ftGq ;+3Lotf wd{lg/k]Iftf / ;dfj]lztf h:tf pknJwLx? xfl;n e};s]kl5 jblnPsf] 5 < eGg] jf/]df oflGqs / h8z'lqo b[li6sf]0fn] oyfjt 5 eG5 t/ ef}ltsjfbL dfS;{jfbL / s|flGtsf/L cfzfjflbtfsf b[li6n] cfwf/e"t kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 eG5 / g]kfnL ;dfh oltj]nf ljutsf] eGbf km/s cj:yfdf 5 eGg] s'/f :jLsf/ ub{5 . t;y{ cfhsf] g]kfn cfly{s /fhg}lts b[li6n] ;fdGtL cjz]if ;lxtsf] bnfn gf]s/zfxL k'hLjfbL / hgtfsf] hgjfbL zlQmsf jLrdf ;Qfsf] l5gfemK6L rln/x]sf] k'hLjfbf]Gd'v tyf gj pklgj]zjfbL zlQm / /fli6|o zlQmsf jLrdf rsf]{ ;+3if{ ;lxt :jflwgtf tkm{ pGd'v ;+s|d0fsflng P]ltxfl;s k|s[ofsf jLrjf6 cufl8 jl9/x]sf] 5 eGg] dfGotfnfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5 . o;/L g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/qdf cfPsf] jbnfjsf jf/]df hgtfdf k|rf/ ug]{ / k|lzIfLt ug]{ e"ldsf s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?n] lgjf{x ug{ kg]{ ePsf] 5 .
ljrf/df :ki6 x'g} kg]{ ePsf] 5 M
dfly pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] jblnPsf] rl/q cg';f/ s|flGtsf sfo{gLlt / /0fgLltdf kl/jt{g ug{ h?/L ePsf] 5 ;f] ug{ g;Sg]x? uf]nrSs/df km:5g\ / l;l4G5g\ t;y{ oltj]nfsf] jblnPsf] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/q cg';f/ cjsf] ;+3if{sf] :j?k pkl/;+/rgfdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ cfwf/ jbNg h?/L 5 cfwf/ jbNg] eg]sf] pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf jbNg] eg]sf] xf] To;sf/0f cfly{s a[l4 :jlwg / /li6|o k'lh ;lxtsf] cfly{s ljsf; h;n] pTkfbg ;DjGw / pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf xfjL /x]sf] bnfn / g]fs/zfxL ju{sf] g]t[Tj / jr{:j /x]sf] g]kfnL cy{tGqdf ;+3if{sf] cf/De ug]{ 5 bnfn / gf]s/zfxL k'hLsf lj?4 ;+3if{ u/]/ dfq} /fli6|o / :jflwg cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ug]{5 o; vfnsf] j}rfl/s :ki6tfsf] vfrf] g]kfnL ;dfhn] vf]h]sf] 5 o; jf/]df jf}l4s If]qn] hgtfdf :ki6 kfb}{ pTkfb / lgdf{0fsf lglDt ;+3if{sf jf/]df dfS;{jfbLo cjwf/0ff ;lxtsf yk c? rl/qx? s] s] x'g o;sf k|efjx? S:tf slt / sltxb;Dd k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] :t/sf x'g]5g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ klg jx; / cWoog Pj+ cg';Gwfg u/L gof tYodf k'Ug ;xof]u ug{ kg]{ ePsf] 5 .
tTsflng sfo{ef/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;kmn kfg'{ x'g]5 M
oltj]nf g]kfnL ;dfhsf] jblnPsf] rl/q cg';f/sf] s|flGtsf] sfo{ef/sf ?kdf k|fKt pknJwLx?nfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ lhDd]jf/L g} kb{5 . o;sfnflu klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf ;+3Lotf ;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg ;+ljwfg;efjf6} ;+ljwfg tfTsflns sfo{g}lts gf/f x'g k'u]sf] 5 . of] sfo{ef/ k'/f x'gf;fy k'hLjfbL hgjfbL s|flGtsf] dxTjk'0f{ lx:;f k'/f x'g] / jfsL so{ef/ k'/f ug]{ cfwf/ lgdf{0f x'g] cy{t jfsL sfo{ef/ k'/f ub}{ ;dfhjfbL s|flGtsf] cfwf/ tof/ kfb}{ ;dfhjfbL s|flGtsf] yfngL x'g] 7fpdf g]kfnL s|flGt k'Ug] ub{5 . o; vfnsf] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljsf;s|d;+u} ljsl;t ePsf] g]kfnL s|flGtsf] dfu{lrqnfO{ g]kfnL hgtfsf jLrdf k|rf/ ug]{ sfo{ef/ s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?sf] g} x'g] ub{5 .
;+ljwfg;efdf >]i7tf xfl;n ug{ kg]{ ePsf]5
G]fkfnL s|flGtsf] dfu{lrq h;/L cufl8 j9]sf]5 To;} cg'?k s|flGtsf sfo{of]hgfx? lgdf{0f ug{ h?/L 5 . o;sfnflu s|flGtsf] sfo{gLlts} ?kdf /x]sf] lgjf{rgdf >]i7tf xfl;n ug{ clgjfo{ ePsf] 5 . cfkmgf] sfo{gLlt ;kmn kfg{ ;lsPg / cfkm}n] to u/]sf] dfu{lrq k5ofpg ;lsPg eg] / cfkm}n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] nIf k|fKt ug{ ;lsPg eg] s|flGtsf /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltx?n] ;kmntf k|fKt ug]{ k|Zg g} x'b}g  . To;}n] s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?sf] oltj]nfsf] sfo{ef/ lgjf{rgdf Pdfcf]jfbLnfO{ lgjf{rgdf cu|:yfgdf k'/ofpgsfnflu x/ t/xn] nfuL kg]{ g} x'g]5 . o;f] ug{ ;Sbf ;+ljwfg;efjf6 ;+ljwfg klg hf/L x'g] / ;f] ;+ljwfg klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lotf / ;+3Lotf ;lxtsf] g} x'g] kSsf 5 . o;f] ul/;Sbf kf6L{ dxflwj]zgn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] tfTsflng sfo{gLlt ;kmn x'g]5 h;n] s|flGtsf] /0fgLltnfO{ g} ;3fp k'/ofpg]5 .
dWojlt{ tKsfsf] dg lhTg} kg]{ cj:yf 5 M
g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfsf/ s|flGtsfndf dfcf]n] lrlgof ;dfhsf] JoVof u/] h:t} 3fDkf] cfsf/sf] 5 . lkwsf] efu klg ;f3'/f] 3f6L klg ;f3'/f] jLrsf] efu k'ms]sf] cyf{t lkwsf] efu ;j{xf/f ju{ klg l;ldt d'vsf] efu ;fdGtL ju{ klg l;ldt clg ljrsf] efu 3ofDkf] cfsf/sf] hf] dWojlt{ tKsf xf] p;sf] jfx'Notf /x]sf] 5 t;y{ jfx'No /x]sf] dWojlt{ tKsfnfO{ ghLltsg r'gfj lhTg ;lsb}g . dWojlt{ tKsfsf] dg lhTg] u/L sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sbf dfq} lgjf{rg lhTg ;lsG5 o;sfnflu af}l4s tKsf cufl8 gj9g] xf] eg] of] sfd ;+ej 5}g . t;y{ s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?n] o; tkm{ u+le/ e} cfkmgf] sfo{ef/ ;Dkgg ug{ h?/L 5 .
;fdflhs ;Qfsf] k|of]u ug{ cl3 ;g'{kg]{ ePsf]5 M
/fhg}lts ;Qf / ;fdflhs ;Qf x/]s ;dfhdf Tolts} dxTjsf;fy cfkmgf] k|efj zf;g ;+rfngdf k|efljt kfg]{ u/]sf5g\ . /fhg}lts ;Qfdf /fhg}lts bnsf] k|efj /x]g u5{ / cf}krfl/s ?kdf zf;g /fhg}lts ;Qfn] g} ;+rfng ub{5 / ;lbof}b]lvsf] ;dfh ;fdflhs ;Qfsf dfWodjf6 ;+rfngdf /xL cfPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs ;Qfsf ;+rfnsx? eg]sf af}l4s tKsfx? X'g k]zfut ;d'xx? g} x'g . g]kfnL s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx? ;fdflhs ;Qfsf lx:;]bf/ ePsf x'gfn] ;fdflhs ;Qfsf] k|of]u ub}{ o;sf] >]i7tf xfl;n ug{df of]ubfg ug{ kg]{ j]nf cfPsf] 5 . o;f] eof] eg] dfq} s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?n] k|of]u u/]sf] ;fdflhs ;Qfsf] k|efjsf sf/0fn] ;+ljwfg;efdf kl/jt{gsf/L bn Pdfcf]jfbLsf] >]i7tf xfl;n x'g]5 .
lj/f]wLx?sf b'ik|rf/sf] v08gug{ ;Ifd x'gkg]{ ePsf]5 M
lgjf{rgsf] k/Dk/f t]>f] ljZjsf d'n'sx?df Tolt w]/} /fd|f] 5}g g]kfn To;sf] k|ltlglw d'n's g} x'g] ub{5 hxf ;j} xys08f k|of]u ul/G5 . lgjf{rg ;fd bfd b08 e]bn] lhTg] ul/Psf] / o;} tYon] :yflkt ePsf] klg w]/} k'/fgf] ePsf] 5}g . cj t dgL, d;n, ldl8of, dflkmof nufotsf dfnk|flS6;]; / o;}sfnflu dWojlt{ tKsfsf] b'?kof]u vt/gfs pbfx/0f jg]sf5g\ . ltgsf] cfwf/df hgtfdf e|d kfg]{ / lgjf{rg lhTg] cfwf/ jg]sf klg 5g\ . o;vfnsf] b'?kof]u hgtfsf] cfwf/ u'dfO{;s]sfx?n] g} ug]{ ub{5g\ . t/ o;sf] k|efj unt 9+un] hgtfdf kg{ uof] eg] o;n] lgjf{rg / ;f]sf] kl/0ffddf kg]{ vt/f k}bf x'G5 t;y{ o;vfnsf k|efjjf6 hgtfnfO{ hf]ufP/ /fVg / lj/f]wLx?n] u/]sf o; vfnsf xs{tx?sf] v08g ug{ klg a'l4hLjLx?sf] e'ldsf cy{k'0f{ x'G5 . t;y{ o;nfO{ cfkmg} e"ldsf 7fg]/ cfufl8 j9g h?/L ePsf] 5 .
;'rgf k|fKtL / ljZn]if0fdf hf]8 ug{kg]{ ePsf]5
Af}fl4s ;d'bfo ;'rgfsf >f]t klg x'g . ;xL ;'rgf / ;f]sf cfwf/df ul/g] ljZn]if0fn] dfq} kl/0ffd 7Ls 7fpdf Nofpg] ub{5 . w]/} xb;Dd /fHon] jgfPsf of]hgfx? c;kmn x'gfsf sf/0fx? dWo unt ;'rgf / unt ;'rgfsf cfwf/df ePsf] ljZn]if0f / ;f]xL cfwf/df x'g] sfo{Gjogn] c;kmntf jfx]s c? lrh xft nfUb}g t;y{ s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx? ;'rgf ;+sng ug]{ ;f] ;'rgf ;xL x'g kg]{ / ;f] ;xL ;'rgfsf cfwf/df ul/g] ljZn]if0f / lgisif{sf cfwf/df tof/ kfl/g] of]hgf / ;f] of]hgfsf cfwf/df k|fKt x'g] kl/0ffd ;'vb g} x'g]5 . t;y{ s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?n] cfkmgf] o; vfnsf] dxTjnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ cl3 j9g h?/L 5 .
:ki6 jQmfsf] e"ldsfsf] ;b'kof]u ug{kg]{ ePsf]5 M
oBlk obfsbf dfS;{jfbLx? Af}fl4s tKsfnfO{ s|flGtsfnflu 9'nd'n] rl/q ePsf] jf e/ ug{ g;lsg] zlQmsf ?kdf JofVof ulG5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df o;nfO{ emg} rsf]{ ?kdf x]g]{ ul/G5 t/ ;f/ t / kl/0ffdtMaf}l4s tKsfsf] e"ldsf To:tf] sbflk x'g] u/]sf] kfO{b}g . dfS;{jfbLx? kl/0ffddf ljZjf; ub{5g\ To;}n] ;+;f/ e/Lsf s|flGtsf/L cfGbf]ngx?df af}l4s ;d'bfonfO{ oxL / o:t} ;sf/fTds k|efjsf ?kdf k|of]u ug]{  u/]sf] kfO{G5 . hgtfsf jLrdf cfkmgf s'/f :ki6;+u /fVg ;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf sf/0fn] g} a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ o; vfnsf sfdsfnflu /f]Hg] ul/G5 . o;sf ;fy ;fy} sltko dfdnfdf ljZjf; cfh{g u/]sf ;fdflhs ;Qfsf ;+rfns ePsf sf/0fn] pgLx?sf] s'/f hgtfn] ;'Gg ?rfp5 of] dxTjnfO{ cfTd;ft u/L g]kfnL s|flGtsf/Lx? klg af}l4s tKsfsf] of] cx+ dxTjsf] e"ldsfnfO{ klg pkof]u ug{ kl5 x6g x'b}g eg] s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx? Klg o; vfnsf] cfkmgf] ul/df / dxTjjf6 cgle1 /xg x'b}g . :ki6 jQmfsf] ljlzi6 u'0f / Ifdtf ePsf s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?n] o; vfnsf] ljlzi7 1fg / Ifdtfsf] e/k'/ pko]fu ug{ cufl8 j9g h?/L 5 h;n] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0fdf pNn]Vo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{5 .
ljjfb ;dfwfgsf cfwf/ klxrfg / ;dfwfg lbgkg]{ ePsf]5 M
ljjfb / 4Gbsf w]/} sf/0fx? x'g] ub{5g\ . ;j} ljjfbx?sf] cfwf/ ;dfg ?kdf / lg/k]If ?kdf j}1flgs x'b}gg / j}rfl/s jf /fhg}lts jf bfz{lgs klg x'b}gg . o;f] x'bf x'b} klg tL ljjfbx?n] ;fdfhdf ck'/0fLo Iflt klg x'g] u/]sf] 5 . h;sf jf/]df w]/} dflg;x? bnx? / ;+:yfx?n] Vofn u/]sf] kfO{b}g . vf;u/L ljjfbx?sf] >f]tsf ?kdf [Lack of Knowledgw_c1fgtf k|d'v x'g] u/]sf] 5 eg] [Miss information or half information]unt ;'rgf jf cw{ ;'rgfsf cfwf/df jgfO{g] wf/0ff klg ljjfbsf] csf]{ vt/gfs >f]t xf] . t;y{ c1fgtf jf unt 1fgdf cfwfl/t ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ltgnfO{ 1fg lbg] ;xL 1fg lbg] / k'/f 1fg lbg] jfx]s csf]{ x'g} ;Sb}g . o;f] ug{ af}l4s ;d'bfo jfx]s c? s;}n] ug{ ;Sb}g . t;y{ o; vfnsf] e"ldsfdf cfkm'nfO{ v/f] ptfg{ klg s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLn] 5f]8g x'b}g . o;sf ;fy} o;} cfwf/df l;h{gf ePsf ljjfbx?nfO{ ;xL ;'rgf jf 1fg k|bfg u/]/ ;dfwfg x'g] ePsfn] af}l4s ;d'bfo ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] cfwf/ klg jGg]5g\ .
k|fljlws Pj+ ljz]if1o'Qm tof/L ug{ kg]{ ePsf]5 M
cNk ljsl;t jf t]>f] ljZjsf ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sx?df /fhgLlts bnx? d'ne"t ?kdf /fhg}lts dfdnfdf dfq} s]lGb|t x'g] u/]sf] kfO{G5 . /fhg}lts dfdnfdf dfq} s]lGb|t x'g] ubf{ k|fljlws Pj+ ljz]if1tfo'Qm If]qdf Vofn gk'Ubf kl/0ffddf xftnfUof] z'Go x'g] cj:yfdf k'Ug] u/]sf] kfO{G5 . To;df klg s|flGtsf/L /fhg}lts bnx? s|flGtsf] k|s[ofjf6 cfPsf] bndf of] k|j[lQ cem} j9L xfjL 5 . nfdf] ;dob]lv ;fd bfd b08 e]b df cEo:t /fhg}lts bnx?;+u} k|lt:kwf{ ug{ kg]{ cj:yfdf o; ljwfdf Vofn gug]{ sf/0fn] ck]lIft kl/0ffd xft gnfu]sf] cj:yf 5 . o;jf6 e]fUg kg]{ kl/0ffd ef]lu;s]sf] cj:yf 5 / 3f6f klg ef]lu;s]sf] cj:yf 5 To;sf/0f cj km]l/ k6s k6s 3f6f Joxf]g]{ sfd bf]xf]/ofpg x'b}g . o; tkm{ klg s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?n] j]n}df Vofn k'/ofpg] / cfkmgf] e'ldsf vf]Hg] / lgjf{x ug]{ sfd ug{ h?/L 5 .
/0fgLlts k|lt/f]wstf{sf] e"ldsf v]Ngkg]{ ePsf]5 M
G]fkfnL ;dfh oyfl:ylt / kl/jt{gsf] bf];femdf / 4Gbdf cndlnPsf] 5 . O{ltxf;sf sfnv08df hltj]nf kl/jt{gsf/Lx? Psh'6 eP kl/jt{gn] d't{ ?k lng] / oyfl:yltjfbLx? xfjL /x] k|fKt pknJwLnfO{ klg w/fkdf kfg]{ ul/Psf] 36gfx? X'g] u/]sf5g\ . oyfl:yltjfbLx? xfjL e Peg] pgLx?n] kl/jt{gnfO{ /f]Sg dfq} x}g k|ltudgdf kmsf{pg]x?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg klg ug]{ u/]sf5g\ t;y{ o; vfnsf] l:ylt cfd ?kdf b]vf kg]{ u/]sf] x'gfn] s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?n] ;bf ;j{bf k|ltufld / oyfl:yltjfbLx?sf lj?4 hd]/ k|lt/f]w ug]{ e"ldsf v]Ng tof/ x'g kb{5 . s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx? oyfl:yltjfbL k|ltufldx?sf lj?4 of]hgfj4 9+un] nfUg / k|lt/f]w ug]{ dfgl;stfsf;fy cl3 j9g h?/L 5 .
lgisif{M
cflv/ dfS;{jfb ;dsflng b'lgofsf] ;To bz{gsf] ;f/tTj xf] eg]/ dfS;{jfbsf] u'bL s'/fnfO{ dfGg] xf] eg] ljrf/ dGyg / af}l4s cEof; ljgfsf] bz{g / o;sf] k|of]u z'Godf kl/0ft x'g]5 h;jf6 s'g} kl/0ffd xfl;n ug{} ;lsb}g . To;}n] af}l4s ;d'bfon] ;dfhdf v]Ng ;Sg] ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds b'j} vfn] e"ldsfnfO{ gsfg{ ;lsb}g To;}n] af}l4s cEof; ug'{ jf a'l4hLjL x'g' Pp6f s'/f xf] t/ p;sf] lj4tf jf p;sf] Ifdtf jf af}l4s 1fg s;sf kIfdf vr{ u5{ jf p;sf] af}l4stf s'g ju{sf] ;]jfdf vr{ ub{5 Tof] dxTjsf] ljifo xf] To;}n] sf]xL af}l4s x'gf;fy uj{ ug]{ jf s;}n] a'l4hLjL eGgf;fy gfs v'DRofpg kg]{ jf pgLx? Cj;/jfbL x'G5g jf s|flGtsfnflu e/ kbf]{ zlQm xf]O{gg\ eg]/ lgisif{df k'luxfNg kg]{ h?/L x'b}g p;sf] e"ldsf s|flGtsf kIfdf 5 ls 5}g eg]/ x]g{' g} sfkmL x'g] 5 . a'l4hLjx? cj;/jfbL x'G5g eGg] k/Dk/fut dfGotfjf6 d'Qm x'b} af}l4s jfx]s c?sfnflu t cj;/sf] k|r'/tf klg x'b}g cj;/} gkfPsfx?n] s|flGtsf/L x'g'sf] s'g} cy{ x'b}g j? cj;/ kfP/ klg To;nfO{ nft dfg{ ;Sg] x'g' s|flGtsf/L x'g' xf] To;}n] af}l4sx?sfnflu s|flGtsf/L x'g] cj;/ / ;+efjgf Tolts} 5 cj;/ lj/n} k|fKt x'g] x?n] kfPsf] cj;/ xtklt nft dfg{ ;S5g\ ls ;Sb}g ;xh} kl/If0f x'g klg sl7g x'G5 . to;}n] a'l4hLjLx? Hf] cfkmgf] 1fg Ifdtf / ljj]s plTkl8t ju{ sf kIfdf / s|flGtsf kIfdf ;dk{0f ub{5g\ eg] p;n] lxgtfjf]w ug{ kg]{ s'g} sf/0f 5}g p lgzt{ / cJjn bhf{sf] s|flGtsf/L g} xf] p;sf] s|flGtdf e"ldsf a'l4hLjL ePsf sf/0fn] sld x'b}g j9L g} x'g5 oxL pRr dgf]jfnsf ;fy g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0fdf af}l4s ;d'bfosf] e"ldsfnfO{ :jLsfg'{ g} oltj]nfsf] ;xL cy{sf] dfS;{jfbL bz{g / ;f]sf] kl/0ffdd'vL k|of]u x'g]5 .  
cWoIf,g]kfn a'l4hLjL ;+u7g

s]lGb|o ;b:o, Pg]skf-dfcf]jfbL_

SOME EVENT INFRONT OF ELECTION

lgjf{rgsf] ;+3f/df pkl:yt kl/36gfx?
lvdnfn b]asf]6f
cj ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt hDdf krf; lbg jf+sL 5 . cfhsf lbg;Dd klg j}B dfcf]jfbL r'gfjdf cfp5 eg] ldlt ;fg{ ;lsG5 eGg] egfO{x? jfSn} cfpg yfn]sf 5g\ o;sf 7Ls ljkl/t d+l;/df r'gfj ePg eg] cj of] b]zdf s}No} r'gfj x'b}g eGg] cfjfh klg 3lge"t ?kdf ;'lgPsf5g\ . c? kf6L{x?sf t g]t} lkR5]sf jf]nL / g]t} lkR5]sf of]hgf / ljZn]if0f lyP g} oxL jhf/df ylkof] csf]{ cfjfh of] cfjfh c? s;}sf] geP/ Pdfcf]jfbL g]tf gf/fogsfhL >]i7 / k|jQmf clUg ;fksf]6fsf x'g . ljNs'n ljkl/t nfUg] cfjfhx? g]tfx?jf6} cfpbf sfo{stf{df cGof}n t x'g] g} eof] d'n'ssf] ;jeGbf 7'nf] kf6L{ x'gfsf gftfn] l;+uf] d'n's g} cGof}nu|:t x'g] cj:yf cfO{ k/]sf] 5 . oxL cGo}fntfsf] ;ldIff ug{ k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 .
;+s|d0fsf] 8/nfUbf] k|efjM
g]kfn /f0ff zf;gjf6 d'Qm ePs} cj:yfb]lv u+le/ ;+s|d0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] xf] t/ Tof] ;+s|d0f slxNo} cGt ePg j? Tof] t ;+s|d0fjf6 ;+s6df kl/0ft x'b} 7'nf 7'nf s|flGt / cfGbf]ngsf Hjf/fef6f klg cfpb} hfb} u/] t/ ;+s|d0f km]l/ klg ;lsPg o;sf] Joj:yfkg km]l/ klg x'g ;s]g ToxL ;+s|d0fsf] k|efj ;dfhdf JolQmdf kf6L{x?df / g]tfx?df klg k/of] g]tfx?df k/]sf] of] k|efjn] s;}nfO{ ;sf/fTds / ;lsG5 tkm{ 8f]/ofpg] s;}nfO{ ;lsGg eGg] gsf/tkm{ 8f]/ofpg] sfd ub{5 o;}sf] k|efj k/]sf] xf] eGg]df s'g} ljjfb x'g ;Sb}g t/ ;To s'/f s] xf] eg] ;+s|d0fdf xfdL dfq} km;]sf x}gf} ;+;f/ e/Lsf d'n'sx? Kf6s k6s ;+s|d0fjf6 u'lh|Psf 5g\ h;n] j'l4dQfk'0f{ tl/sfjf6 o;nfO{ ;+jf]wg ug{ ;s] ltgn] ;kmntf xfl;n u/] h;n] ;s]gg c;kmn eP . To;}n] ;+s|d0fnfO{ ;b}j ;lsG5  ;+ej 5 / s]xL x'b}5 eGg] cfzfjfbL sf]0fjf6 x]g{ ;Sg]x? g} ;kmn x'g] u/]sf 5g\ lg/fzfjfbL sf]0fjf6 x]/]/ c;kmntf dfq} xft kf/]sf5g\ . t/ o;sf] cy{ lg/k]Ifdf ?kdf s]xL x'b} gx'bf klg ePsf] 5 / x'g]5 eGg] cd't{ lutf;f/sf] ufyf h:t} ljgf tYo / cfwf/ Psf]xf]/f] x'G5 / ;+ej 5 eGg]x? km]l/ g/fd|f] b'izfx;df km;]/ d'n'snfO{ csf]{ e8vfnf]df xfNg] sfd klg u/]sf5g\ To;}n] oL b'j}sf jLrjf6 tYojf6 ;Tosf] cGj]if0f ug]{ ljlwsf] cjnDjg ug]{ tl/sfjf6 dfq} ;+s|d0fnfO{ Xof08n ug{ ;lsG5 / ;Sg k5{ .
r'gfj ;+s|d0f cGt ug]{ pko'Qm dfWodM
;+s|d0fsf] lk8f si6;fWo 5 o;jf6 b]z / hgtfn] d'lQm vf]h]sf 5g\ . s;} s;}n] b]z / hgtfsf] lk8fdf cfkmgf] cfgGb dgfpg] klg ub{5g\ pgLx?sfnflu lk8f cGt gxf]; lk8f cGt ug]{ dfWod r'gfj xf] eg] ;f] r'gfj klg gxf]; eg]/ xhf/ k|oTg klg u/]sf 5g\ . o:tf] 38Ldf r'gfjdf ;xdlt ljdlt cfkmgf] 7fpdf xf]nfg\ t/ b]z / hgtfsf] lk8fsf] ;+jf]wg ug]{ s'/f xf] eg] To;df cnu b[li6 /flv/fVg' o'lQm ;+ut klg x'b}g / /fhg}lts t emg} x'b}g . To;}n] xfdLsxf cgf}7f] s] ePsf] 5 eg] s;}n] of] r'gfjnfO{ ;+s6 df]rgsf] cr's cf}ifwL eg] s;}n] /fi6|3ftsf] dfWod eg]/ b'O{ ljkl/t w|'jdf plePsf] cj:yf 5 To;}n] o;d} Jokf/ ug]{ x}g ls o;df lgsf; lbg h?/L 5 . Jojwfg lbg] / Jofkf/ ug]{ t Joj;fo xf]nf /fhgLltn] t lgsf; lbG5 To;}n] lgsf; r'gfjn] lbG5 eg] To;sf] lj/f]w ug'{sf] cy{ x'b}g t/ r'gfj lgsf; x}g eGg]n] r'gfjeGbf pQd ljsNk lbg ;Sg k5{ Tof] g;Sbf c?sf] ljsNkdf hfg'sf] csf]{ jf6f] b]lvb}g .
r'gfj ug]{ ls ;fg]{ M
dxfg hgo'4dfly 3ft ePsf] ;+;bjfbdf 8'j]sf] cfTd;dk{0fjfbL gLlt clVtof/ u/]sf] xhf/ cf/f]ksf jLrjf6 k'm6]sf] kf6L cfh d+l;/ df x}g r}tdf eGg] 7fpdf cfO{k'u]sf] 5 of] klg v'zL s} s'/f xf] eGg ;lsPnf t/ r}qdf x'b}g / gnlu x'b}g eGg]df km]l/ ljefhg cfPsf]5 . o;sf k5fl8sf ts{ Psfy/L r}tdf x'b}g lsgls j}zfvdf ef/tsf] r'gfj 5 eG5 /] csf]{ y/Ln] r}tdf r'gfj ;fg]{x?nfO{ ef/ts} r'gfjsf] ;+3f/df nUg'sf] cy{ ef/tsf] Zjfy{ k'/f ug'{ xf] eGg] cy{df j'em]sf] 5 . cj r'gfj ;fg]{ ls g;fg]{ eGg] ljjfb klg ef/t kmofS6/n] sfd u/]sf] 5 eg]/ ts{ ug]{ s'/fn] kmut sdhf]/ dfgl;stfsf] jfx]s c? s'/fsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;Sb}g .
r'gfjsf k|efjLx? g} o;sf jfwsM
jhf/ xNnf s} s'/f xf] c;f/df r'gfj ug{sfnflu afa'/fd e66/fO{sf] ;/sf/ km]l/Psf] lyof] / lvn/fhsf] g]t[Tjdf r'gfjL ;/sf/ jgfO{Psf] lyof] . ltg} lvn/fhn] hDdf b'O{ dlxgfsfnflu eP t ;lsb}g eg]sf sf/0fn] d+l;/df ;fl/Psf] lyof] t/ km]l/ clxn] pg}n] k|wfgGofolwzsf] kbfjlw h]i7 ;Dd ePsfnf] Tof] cjlw;Dd oxL ;/sf/sf] cfo' nDJofpg kfP x'GYof] eGg] dg;fo /fv]sfn] r'gfj t r}qdf kf] ug{ k5{ ls eGg] cfzo s] JoQm u/]sf lyP /fi6|klt dxf]bonfO{ klg 5f]O{xfNof] gof ;+ljwfg;ef cfP kl5 t csf]{ /fi6|klt vf]lhxfN5 o:t}df c;f/df r'gfj ug{ eg]/ ;+ljwfgsf] klg km/s JofVof u/]/ lgjf{rg cfof]u jgfPsf] r'gfj ;DkGg u/] kl5 klg d]/f] t kbfjlw jfsL 5 eGg t ufx|f] x'G5 j? o;}df nDjofpg kfP x'GYof] eGg] pgnfO{ klg nfUof] /] clg r'gfj k|efljt t xfdL kf] /x]5f} lsg xtfl/g] j}BhLx?sf] j}zfvL 5b}5 eGg] ;Nnfx eof] /] To;}n] r'gfj ;f/]/ ;xdlt u/]h:tf] klg b]lvg] cfkmgf] cfo' klg nlDjg] eGg] eP kl5 r'gfj x'b}g eGg]df j}BhLx? X}g r'gfjsf lhDd]jf/ lgsfodf kbfl;g JolQmx? g} d'Vo jfws x'g eg]/ jhf/df xNnf km}lnPsf] 5 . d rfxG5' of] xNnf unt ;fljt xf]; d}n] ;'g]sf] xNnf ;xL ;fljt gxf]; . t/ lgoltn] Tot} nUof] eg] hjfkm s;n] lbg] xf]nf . 
j}BhLx? ;+u} c?sf klg lk8fM
zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf lj?4df hgo'4sf] hudf hgljb|f]xsf] nfO{g kfl/t ug'{ef] cj hgljb|f]x ug{ t ;lsPg j? cfkmg} u'6jf6 g]tfx? g} e6fe6 ljb|f]x ug{ yfn] cj o:tf] cj:yfdf ljb|f]x x'b}g eGg] t lgisif{df k'lug} ;Sg'ef] cj jfsL r'gfj dfq} /xof] efu lncf} plxn]sf jf;L u'6 jfdb]j uf}td l;lk d}gfnL jlgPnf eGg] 8/ jlx:sf/ u/f} df]xgljs|d e}Pnf eGg] 8/ of] bf]zfwdf jxfx? /x]sf jvt oxL j}zfvLdf 6]s]/ cfkmgf] cfo' nDJofpg]x?nfO{ t /fd|f] dznf e} g} xfNof] o;sf cltl/Qm klg cfkmf] lhTg] kSsf gePsf g]tfx?sfnflu klg x?jf x'geGbf t r'gfj 6fg'{df g} sNof0f 5 . of] wGbfn] klg oltj]nf sltkonfO{ 3/ u/]sf] 5 .
lgisif{M
oltj]nf g]kfnL /fhgLltdf cgxf]gL 36gfx?n] dxTj kfpg] u/]sf5g\ . r'gfjL ;/sf/ u7g ePsf] ;ft ;ft dlxgf ;Dd klg ;f]xL ;/sf/sf] jf/]df l6sf l6Kk0fL u/]/ / r'gfjsf] ldltdf ljjfb u/]/ sf]xL lsg jjf{b xf]; eGg] ul/G5 b'lgofdf t/ xfdL sxf olx s'/f xfjL ePsf] 5 . cfkm}n] lgjf{lrt ;/sf/nfO{ x6fP/ oltsf lbg ljtfP/ klg cem} x]Ssf ePsf] 5}g . h;n] of] ;/sf/nfO{ ;/sf/} x}g eGyof] ToxL of] ;/sf/ nDjofpg] xhf/ bfp vf]Hb}5 . hf] r'gfj eg]/ s}No} yfSb}g pxL r'gfj 5Ng] jfxfg vf]Hb}5 hf] r'gfj x}g hgljb|f]x eg]/ s}No} yfs]g cfh /ftf] lbg r'gfjsflglDt ljb]zLsf b}nf rfxfb}{df l7Ss 5 . log} cgf}7fx?sf jLrjf6 g]kfnL r'gfjL /fhgLlt u'lh|Psf] 5 cfkmgf] cfo'sf] lx;fj lstfj u/]/ xf]; jf cfkmgf] cfsf/sf] lx;fj lstfj u/]/ xf]; b]z / hgtfsf] cfo' / cfsf/df bVvncGbfhL gu/f} cfhsf lbgdf olt eGg' g} sfkmL xf]nf .


ROLE OF REVOLUTIONARY AND CA ELECTION

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg / s|flGtsf/Lx?sf] bfloTj
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ;+3f/df xfdL 5f} . g]kfnL hgtfsf] ljut ;f7L jif{b]lvsf] rfxgf hgo'4sf] clei6 g]kfnL hgtf Jojxfl/s ?kdf ;fj{ef}d x'g] Psdfq cj;/sf ?kdf o;nfO{ lnO{Psf] 5 . b'ef{Uojz klxnf] ;+ljwfg;ef ;+ljwfg hf/L ug]{ sfd k'/f gub}{ cbfntsf] cfb]zn] :jtM d[To'j/0f ug{ k'u]sf] lyof] t}klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] Ph]08f jf]sf]sf] zlQm g} ;/sf/df ePsf sf/0fn] dfq} csf]{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] lyof] o;f] gx'GYof] eg] of] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff klg ;+ej lyPg / d+l;/ rf/sf] ;+ljwfg;efsf lj?4df o;nfO{ c;kmn t'Nofpg h] hlt xs{t ul/Psf5g\ of] r'gfj ;fg]{ x}g ls ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ g} ;bfsflglDt of] wlt{jf6 c;kmn jgfpg] if8oGq jfx]s c? s]xL xf]O{g eGg] s'/f d+l;/ rf/sf] r'gfj ;f/]/ x]/]sf s]xL lbgdf g} k'li6 x'g]5 To;}n] r'gfj ;fg]{ cleofgdf nfUg]x?n] ;+ljwfg;ef g} grfx]sf] s'/fsf] k'li6 x'g w]/} s'g{ kg]{ 5}g .
Ph]08fk|lt c;Gt'i6x? of] cleofgdfM
;+ljwfg;efsf] Ph]08fnfO{ cft+ssf/L 7fGg] /fhtGq lj/f]wL / cu|ufld ?kfGt/0fsf] kIfkflt 7fGg]x? / s|flGtnfO{ sd{sf08 7fGg] dfS;{jfbdf ;+ljwfg;ef n]v]s} 5}g eGg]x? oltj]nf of] jf Tof] jfxfgf vf]h]/ eP klg o;nfO{ c;kmn kfg]} cleofgdf nfu]sf lyP klxnf] ;+ljwfg;ef g} c;kmn kfg{ vf]h]sf lyP pgLx? C;kmn eP km]l/ of] df}sf 9's]/ j;]sf4g\ km]l/ klg pgLx?nfO{ c;kmn kfg{ h?/L 5 . of] s'g} k|fljlws ljifo x}g of] Ph]08fdf ;xdt x'g] / gx'g] k|Zg xf] Ph]08fdf ;xdt gx'g]x? ldlt ;fg]{ jfxfgf jf j}B dfcf]jfbLnfO{ Nofpg] jfxfgf jf ljb]zL l8hfO{g eg]/ jf h] eg]/ x'G5 c;kmn kfg]{ sf]lz;df nfu]sf 5g\ of] d'ne"t ?kdf Ph]08fk|lts} c;Gt'li6 xf] To;}n] Ph]08f jrfpgsfnflu dfq} eP klg 3f]lift ldltdf lgjf{rgsf] ljsNk 5}g .
w/ftn sdhf]/ x'g]x? ljkIfdfM
hgcfwf/ gePsf g]tfx? of] lgjf[rgsf] ljkIfdf 5g\ . hgtfdf hfbf xfg]{ lglZrt ePsf g]tfx? of] jf Tof] jfxfgfdf r'gfj k/ ;fg{ ;lsof] eg] cfkmgf] k'/fg} ;fvdf /dfO{ /xg / k'/fg} ;fv jrfO{/fVg kfO{g] bfpdf klg 5g\ lgjf{rgdf uP/ hgtfn] ;j}sf] x}l;ot b]vfO{lbg] ePsfn] cfkmgf] x}l;ot l56} pbf+u gxf]; eGgsfnflu klg s]xL ;do k/ ;fg}{ xs{tdf nfu]sf 5g\ s'g}j]nf )%^;fnsf] :yflgo lgjfPrgsf] x}l;otdf lut ufO{/x] h:t} ^$;fnsf] kl/0ffddf uLt ufO{/xg] bfpdf klg sltko g]tfx? j;]sf] b]lvG5 To;}n] pgLx? Gof hgfb]zsf] kIfdf x}g k'/fg} hgfb]z ehfpg] bfpdf j;]sf] b]lvG5 hf] ;j{yf hgtfsf] Dof08]6nfO{ ckdfg ug]{ jfx]s csf]{ kl/36gf x'g} ;Sb}g .
jfXo zlQmsf] bjfjM
g]kfnh:tf] ef/tj]li6t d'n's To;df klg ef/tLo k|efj / bjfj / sltko dfdnfdf x:tIf]k gf}nf] s'/f ePg . ef/tLo x:tIf]ks} sf/0fn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsfnflu bzf} xhf/sf] jlnbfg / xhf/f}sf] j]kQfsf] d'No r'sfpg k/]sf] s'/f huhfx]/ g} 5 . klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt klg slt k|oTgsf jfjh'b dfq} tf]lsPsf] lyof] Tof] e'Qmef]uLnfO{ g} yfxf xf]nf klxnf] ;+ljwfg;ef c;kmn kfg{df klg oxL zlQmsf] xft b]Vg]x? cgf}7f clxn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj} c;kmn kfg]{ cleofgdf nfu]/ ToxL zlQmsf] ufl6 jg]sf] 5 ls Tof] zlQmsf] k|lt/f]w u/]sf] 5 < tYox?n] s] b]vfp5 eg] h'g zlQm g]kfn h:tf] d'n'sdf hgtf ;fj{ef}d ePsf] b]Vg rfxb}g ;+ljwfg;efjf6 ;+ljwfg jg]sf] klg b]Vg rfxb}g ToxL zlQm ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj ;kmn x'g lbg rfxb}g ;f] g;s] r'gfj ;fg] jfxfgfdf o;nfO{ c;kmn kfg]{ lgotdf cl3 j9]sf] 5 jflx/ jflx/ ef/tLo zf;sx?sf O{zf/fdf d+l;/s} r'gfj eg]/ cf/f]k nufpg]x? ;+ljwfg;ef g} c;kmn jgfpg] tfgfjfgfsf] uf]6L jg]sf] lsg x]Ssf x'b}g of] eg] j'lemg;Sg] s'/f ePsf] 5 .
lgb{nLotfsf] lg/Gt/tfM       
;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj x'b}g eGg]x?sf] bfjf of] ;/sf/ lgb{nLo eof] eGg] 5 t/ Jojxf/n] lgb{nLo ;/sf/sf] cfo' nDJofpg] zt{ jxfx? g} /flv/fVg'ePsf] 5 . olb jxfx?nfO{ lgb{nLo ;/sf/ dg gk/]sf] xf] eg] d+l;/sf] r'gfj ;fg]{ zt{ /fVg} x'b}g . lxhf] /fi6|kltsf] c;+j}wflgs sbd lj?4 5 lbg] cfd x8tfn ug{ bjfj lbg] ;d'x / JolQmx? cfh /fi6|kltn] kxn ug{ k/of] eg]/ ljlGtkq xfNg hfg] ug'{ePsf] 5 . lxhf] sd;]sd ;+j}wflgs cbfntnfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{ kl/dlh{t zlQm k[ysLs/0fsf] efjnfO{ dflglbPsf] eP ;+ljwfg g} jGYof] zlQmk[ysLs/0fsf] j'h'{jf Ph]08fdf kf6L{ uof], slyt :jtGq Gofokflnsf xfdLnfO{ dfGo 5}g hgtfsf k|ltlglwn] Gofo ug{ kfpgk5{  eg]/ 8+sf lk6fpg] ;fyLx? cfh zlQmk[ysLs/0fsf] pn+3g eof] :jtGq Gofokflnsfsf] lr/x/0f eof] eg]/ lbg /ft ?g] ug'{ePsf] 5 . To;}n] hltj]nf h] ts{ u/]/ eP klg pN6f] u+uf jufpg] k|oTg ePsf] 5 h'g k|oTgn] lgb{nLo ;/sf/sf] lg/Gt/tf jfx]s c?  s]xL k|fKt x'b}g .
Eff/tsf] r'gfj ;+u;+u} ug{ kg]{ df]xM
d+l;/df tf]lsPsf] r'gfj u/f} eg]/ r}qdf tf]lsPsf] ldltnfO{ cfh cfP/ r}qdf u/f} eGg] s'/f clw ;fl/Psf] 5 . o;f] lsg ul/of] xf]nf eGbf j}zfvdf ef/tsf] klg r'gfj x'b}5 hltj]nf ef/tsf] r'gfj x'G5 Toltg} j]nf g]kfnsf] r'gfj ug{ kg] of] df]x lsg hfu]sf] xf]nf lxhf] r}qd} of] ldlt 3f]if0ff x'bf of] ts{ cfPg hj ef/tsf] r'gfjsf] 3f]if0ff eof] tj dfq} of] ts{ cl3 ;fl/of] To;}n] cfkm'nfO{ ef/t lj/f]wL b]vfpb} Jojxf/ef ef/lto Ph]08fdf lx8g] sfd r}qdf r'gfj ;fg{ k5{ d+l;/df x'b}g eGg]x?n] ul//fv]sf5g\ . oxL lrh lxh} r}qd} r'gfj 3f]if0ff ePs} jvt eg]sf eP of] jxfx?sf] df}lns ts{ xf] eGg ;lsGYof] t/ hj ef/tsf] r'gfsf] rrf{ cfof] tj dfq} of] zt{ cl3 ;fbf{ t ljgf s'g} e|d ef/tLo r'gfjs} /fk tfkdf dfq} r'gfj n8g ;lsG5 eGg] :ki6 ePsf] 5 . To;}n] ef/tLo df]x 5f]8f} tf]lsPs} ldltdf r'gfj ug{ tkm{ nfuf} .
nlDjbf] ;+s|d0f ulxl/bf] ;+s6M
;+s|d0f hlt nlDjof] ;+s6 Toltg} ulxl/G5 hlt ;+s6 ulxl/G5 /fli6|otf Toltg} sdhf]/ x'G5 sdhf]/ /fli6|otfsf cfwf/df ljb]zL x:tIf]ksf] ;+efjgf k|jn /xG5 To;}n] /fli6|otfsf kIfw/x? ;+s|d0f 5f]6ofpg / ;+s6 df]rg ug{ nfUg k5{ oltj]nf ;+s|d0f 5f]6opg] / ;+s6 df]rg ug]{ pkfo l56f] lgjf{rg xf] 3f]lift ldlt d} lgjf{rg xf] h;n] r'gfjsf] ldlt ;fg]{ s'/f u5{ Tof] ;+s|d0f 5f]6ofpg ;+s6 df]rg ug]{ kIfdf 5}g kl/0ffd ljb]zL x:tIf]knfO{ lgDTofpg] jfx]s csf]{ s'/f ub}{g To;}n] d'vn] :jlwgtfsf s'/f ug]{ kl/0ffddf k/flwg jgfpg] sfd gu/f}{ . l56f] lgwf{l/t ldltdf r'gfjn] dfq} hgtf ;fj{ef}d jG5g\ / hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qfn] dfq} /fli6|o :jflwgtf / ef}uf]lns cv08tf / /fli6|otf hf]ufpg ;lsG5 . oxL dfu{df nfuf} .
lgisif{M

lk6] klg cfd} hflt kf]n] klg 3fd} hflt eGg] pvfg hlts} Plss[t dfcf]jfbL g]tf / sfo{stf{ / kf6L{ k|lt hlt;'s} l/; p7] klg j}B dfcf]jfbL tkm{ nfu]sf sfo{stf{x? Pdfcf]jfbLsf] /fli6|o :jflwgtfk|lt hlt ;'s} k|Zg p7fP klg g]kfnL /fli6|otfsf] kx/]bf/ Pdfcf]jfbLsf] ;66fdf g 1fg]Gb|x? x'G5g g Pdfn] jf s|fu|]; h:tf k'/ftgjfbL zlQmx? g} x'g ;Sb5g\ . Pdfcf]jfbLsf l/;n] h] klg ug{ tof/ x'bf ef/tLo :jfy{df kml;g] vt/f klg Tolts} 5 hf] r'gfj ;fg]{ zt{ / lgb{nLo ;/sf/sf] cfo' nDJofpg] ts{jf6 k'li6 x'b}5 To;}n] h] h] cfj/0f jf]s] klg /fli6|o :jflwgtfsf] jfSof+z bf]xf]/ofP kl5 ;j}nfO{ e|ldt kfg{ ;lsG5 eGg] e|djf6 klxnf cfkm} d'Qm x'g d]/f] cfu|x 5 . /fli6|o :jflwgtf s]jn e6ofpg] gf/f x}g of] t hLjg k2lt / hLjg Jojxf/ xf] . dflg;x? Jojxf/ / kl/0ffd x]g] { e};s]sf 5g\ tkfO{sf] gf/fn] hLjg Jojxf/df Nofpg] kl/0ffd;+u ;flgWotf /fV5 ls /fvb}g Tof] klg x]Ssf u/f} b'lgof jv]8f 5f]8f} d+l;/ rf/ s} r'gfjdf ;xefuL jgf} ef/tLo r'gfjsf] /fk tfksf] cfzjf6 e|ldt e} r'gfjsf] ldlt ;fg]{ uNtL gu/f} o;}df b]z / hgtfsf] lxt 5 bnx?sf] klg lxt 5 tkfO{ g]tfx?sf] lxt 5 .

LIABILITY OF REVOLUTIONARY IN CA ELECTION

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg / s|flGtsf/Lx?sf] bfloTj
;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ;+3f/df xfdL 5f} . g]kfnL hgtfsf] ljut ;f7L jif{b]lvsf] rfxgf hgo'4sf] clei6 g]kfnL hgtf Jojxfl/s ?kdf ;fj{ef}d x'g] Psdfq cj;/sf ?kdf o;nfO{ lnO{Psf] 5 . b'ef{Uojz klxnf] ;+ljwfg;ef ;+ljwfg hf/L ug]{ sfd k'/f gub}{ cbfntsf] cfb]zn] :jtM d[To'j/0f ug{ k'u]sf] lyof] t}klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] Ph]08f jf]sf]sf] zlQm g} ;/sf/df ePsf sf/0fn] dfq} csf]{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] lyof] o;f] gx'GYof] eg] of] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff klg ;+ej lyPg / d+l;/ rf/sf] ;+ljwfg;efsf lj?4df o;nfO{ c;kmn t'Nofpg h] hlt xs{t ul/Psf5g\ of] r'gfj ;fg]{ x}g ls ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ g} ;bfsflglDt of] wlt{jf6 c;kmn jgfpg] if8oGq jfx]s c? s]xL xf]O{g eGg] s'/f d+l;/ rf/sf] r'gfj ;f/]/ x]/]sf s]xL lbgdf g} k'li6 x'g]5 To;}n] r'gfj ;fg]{ cleofgdf nfUg]x?n] ;+ljwfg;ef g} grfx]sf] s'/fsf] k'li6 x'g w]/} s'g{ kg]{ 5}g .
Ph]08fk|lt c;Gt'i6x? of] cleofgdfM
;+ljwfg;efsf] Ph]08fnfO{ cft+ssf/L 7fGg] /fhtGq lj/f]wL / cu|ufld ?kfGt/0fsf] kIfkflt 7fGg]x? / s|flGtnfO{ sd{sf08 7fGg] dfS;{jfbdf ;+ljwfg;ef n]v]s} 5}g eGg]x? oltj]nf of] jf Tof] jfxfgf vf]h]/ eP klg o;nfO{ c;kmn kfg]} cleofgdf nfu]sf lyP klxnf] ;+ljwfg;ef g} c;kmn kfg{ vf]h]sf lyP pgLx? C;kmn eP km]l/ of] df}sf 9's]/ j;]sf4g\ km]l/ klg pgLx?nfO{ c;kmn kfg{ h?/L 5 . of] s'g} k|fljlws ljifo x}g of] Ph]08fdf ;xdt x'g] / gx'g] k|Zg xf] Ph]08fdf ;xdt gx'g]x? ldlt ;fg]{ jfxfgf jf j}B dfcf]jfbLnfO{ Nofpg] jfxfgf jf ljb]zL l8hfO{g eg]/ jf h] eg]/ x'G5 c;kmn kfg]{ sf]lz;df nfu]sf 5g\ of] d'ne"t ?kdf Ph]08fk|lts} c;Gt'li6 xf] To;}n] Ph]08f jrfpgsfnflu dfq} eP klg 3f]lift ldltdf lgjf{rgsf] ljsNk 5}g .
w/ftn sdhf]/ x'g]x? ljkIfdfM
hgcfwf/ gePsf g]tfx? of] lgjf[rgsf] ljkIfdf 5g\ . hgtfdf hfbf xfg]{ lglZrt ePsf g]tfx? of] jf Tof] jfxfgfdf r'gfj k/ ;fg{ ;lsof] eg] cfkmgf] k'/fg} ;fvdf /dfO{ /xg / k'/fg} ;fv jrfO{/fVg kfO{g] bfpdf klg 5g\ lgjf{rgdf uP/ hgtfn] ;j}sf] x}l;ot b]vfO{lbg] ePsfn] cfkmgf] x}l;ot l56} pbf+u gxf]; eGgsfnflu klg s]xL ;do k/ ;fg}{ xs{tdf nfu]sf 5g\ s'g}j]nf )%^;fnsf] :yflgo lgjfPrgsf] x}l;otdf lut ufO{/x] h:t} ^$;fnsf] kl/0ffddf uLt ufO{/xg] bfpdf klg sltko g]tfx? j;]sf] b]lvG5 To;}n] pgLx? Gof hgfb]zsf] kIfdf x}g k'/fg} hgfb]z ehfpg] bfpdf j;]sf] b]lvG5 hf] ;j{yf hgtfsf] Dof08]6nfO{ ckdfg ug]{ jfx]s csf]{ kl/36gf x'g} ;Sb}g .
jfXo zlQmsf] bjfjM
g]kfnh:tf] ef/tj]li6t d'n's To;df klg ef/tLo k|efj / bjfj / sltko dfdnfdf x:tIf]k gf}nf] s'/f ePg . ef/tLo x:tIf]ks} sf/0fn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsfnflu bzf} xhf/sf] jlnbfg / xhf/f}sf] j]kQfsf] d'No r'sfpg k/]sf] s'/f huhfx]/ g} 5 . klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt klg slt k|oTgsf jfjh'b dfq} tf]lsPsf] lyof] Tof] e'Qmef]uLnfO{ g} yfxf xf]nf klxnf] ;+ljwfg;ef c;kmn kfg{df klg oxL zlQmsf] xft b]Vg]x? cgf}7f clxn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj} c;kmn kfg]{ cleofgdf nfu]/ ToxL zlQmsf] ufl6 jg]sf] 5 ls Tof] zlQmsf] k|lt/f]w u/]sf] 5 < tYox?n] s] b]vfp5 eg] h'g zlQm g]kfn h:tf] d'n'sdf hgtf ;fj{ef}d ePsf] b]Vg rfxb}g ;+ljwfg;efjf6 ;+ljwfg jg]sf] klg b]Vg rfxb}g ToxL zlQm ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj ;kmn x'g lbg rfxb}g ;f] g;s] r'gfj ;fg] jfxfgfdf o;nfO{ c;kmn kfg]{ lgotdf cl3 j9]sf] 5 jflx/ jflx/ ef/tLo zf;sx?sf O{zf/fdf d+l;/s} r'gfj eg]/ cf/f]k nufpg]x? ;+ljwfg;ef g} c;kmn jgfpg] tfgfjfgfsf] uf]6L jg]sf] lsg x]Ssf x'b}g of] eg] j'lemg;Sg] s'/f ePsf] 5 .
lgb{nLotfsf] lg/Gt/tfM       
;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj x'b}g eGg]x?sf] bfjf of] ;/sf/ lgb{nLo eof] eGg] 5 t/ Jojxf/n] lgb{nLo ;/sf/sf] cfo' nDJofpg] zt{ jxfx? g} /flv/fVg'ePsf] 5 . olb jxfx?nfO{ lgb{nLo ;/sf/ dg gk/]sf] xf] eg] d+l;/sf] r'gfj ;fg]{ zt{ /fVg} x'b}g . lxhf] /fi6|kltsf] c;+j}wflgs sbd lj?4 5 lbg] cfd x8tfn ug{ bjfj lbg] ;d'x / JolQmx? cfh /fi6|kltn] kxn ug{ k/of] eg]/ ljlGtkq xfNg hfg] ug'{ePsf] 5 . lxhf] sd;]sd ;+j}wflgs cbfntnfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{ kl/dlh{t zlQm k[ysLs/0fsf] efjnfO{ dflglbPsf] eP ;+ljwfg g} jGYof] zlQmk[ysLs/0fsf] j'h'{jf Ph]08fdf kf6L{ uof], slyt :jtGq Gofokflnsf xfdLnfO{ dfGo 5}g hgtfsf k|ltlglwn] Gofo ug{ kfpgk5{  eg]/ 8+sf lk6fpg] ;fyLx? cfh zlQmk[ysLs/0fsf] pn+3g eof] :jtGq Gofokflnsfsf] lr/x/0f eof] eg]/ lbg /ft ?g] ug'{ePsf] 5 . To;}n] hltj]nf h] ts{ u/]/ eP klg pN6f] u+uf jufpg] k|oTg ePsf] 5 h'g k|oTgn] lgb{nLo ;/sf/sf] lg/Gt/tf jfx]s c?  s]xL k|fKt x'b}g .
Eff/tsf] r'gfj ;+u;+u} ug{ kg]{ df]xM
d+l;/df tf]lsPsf] r'gfj u/f} eg]/ r}qdf tf]lsPsf] ldltnfO{ cfh cfP/ r}qdf u/f} eGg] s'/f clw ;fl/Psf] 5 . o;f] lsg ul/of] xf]nf eGbf j}zfvdf ef/tsf] klg r'gfj x'b}5 hltj]nf ef/tsf] r'gfj x'G5 Toltg} j]nf g]kfnsf] r'gfj ug{ kg] of] df]x lsg hfu]sf] xf]nf lxhf] r}qd} of] ldlt 3f]if0ff x'bf of] ts{ cfPg hj ef/tsf] r'gfjsf] 3f]if0ff eof] tj dfq} of] ts{ cl3 ;fl/of] To;}n] cfkm'nfO{ ef/t lj/f]wL b]vfpb} Jojxf/ef ef/lto Ph]08fdf lx8g] sfd r}qdf r'gfj ;fg{ k5{ d+l;/df x'b}g eGg]x?n] ul//fv]sf5g\ . oxL lrh lxh} r}qd} r'gfj 3f]if0ff ePs} jvt eg]sf eP of] jxfx?sf] df}lns ts{ xf] eGg ;lsGYof] t/ hj ef/tsf] r'gfsf] rrf{ cfof] tj dfq} of] zt{ cl3 ;fbf{ t ljgf s'g} e|d ef/tLo r'gfjs} /fk tfkdf dfq} r'gfj n8g ;lsG5 eGg] :ki6 ePsf] 5 . To;}n] ef/tLo df]x 5f]8f} tf]lsPs} ldltdf r'gfj ug{ tkm{ nfuf} .
nlDjbf] ;+s|d0f ulxl/bf] ;+s6M
;+s|d0f hlt nlDjof] ;+s6 Toltg} ulxl/G5 hlt ;+s6 ulxl/G5 /fli6|otf Toltg} sdhf]/ x'G5 sdhf]/ /fli6|otfsf cfwf/df ljb]zL x:tIf]ksf] ;+efjgf k|jn /xG5 To;}n] /fli6|otfsf kIfw/x? ;+s|d0f 5f]6ofpg / ;+s6 df]rg ug{ nfUg k5{ oltj]nf ;+s|d0f 5f]6opg] / ;+s6 df]rg ug]{ pkfo l56f] lgjf{rg xf] 3f]lift ldlt d} lgjf{rg xf] h;n] r'gfjsf] ldlt ;fg]{ s'/f u5{ Tof] ;+s|d0f 5f]6ofpg ;+s6 df]rg ug]{ kIfdf 5}g kl/0ffd ljb]zL x:tIf]knfO{ lgDTofpg] jfx]s csf]{ s'/f ub}{g To;}n] d'vn] :jlwgtfsf s'/f ug]{ kl/0ffddf k/flwg jgfpg] sfd gu/f}{ . l56f] lgwf{l/t ldltdf r'gfjn] dfq} hgtf ;fj{ef}d jG5g\ / hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qfn] dfq} /fli6|o :jflwgtf / ef}uf]lns cv08tf / /fli6|otf hf]ufpg ;lsG5 . oxL dfu{df nfuf} .
lgisif{M

lk6] klg cfd} hflt kf]n] klg 3fd} hflt eGg] pvfg hlts} Plss[t dfcf]jfbL g]tf / sfo{stf{ / kf6L{ k|lt hlt;'s} l/; p7] klg j}B dfcf]jfbL tkm{ nfu]sf sfo{stf{x? Pdfcf]jfbLsf] /fli6|o :jflwgtfk|lt hlt ;'s} k|Zg p7fP klg g]kfnL /fli6|otfsf] kx/]bf/ Pdfcf]jfbLsf] ;66fdf g 1fg]Gb|x? x'G5g g Pdfn] jf s|fu|]; h:tf k'/ftgjfbL zlQmx? g} x'g ;Sb5g\ . Pdfcf]jfbLsf l/;n] h] klg ug{ tof/ x'bf ef/tLo :jfy{df kml;g] vt/f klg Tolts} 5 hf] r'gfj ;fg]{ zt{ / lgb{nLo ;/sf/sf] cfo' nDJofpg] ts{jf6 k'li6 x'b}5 To;}n] h] h] cfj/0f jf]s] klg /fli6|o :jflwgtfsf] jfSof+z bf]xf]/ofP kl5 ;j}nfO{ e|ldt kfg{ ;lsG5 eGg] e|djf6 klxnf cfkm} d'Qm x'g d]/f] cfu|x 5 . /fli6|o :jflwgtf s]jn e6ofpg] gf/f x}g of] t hLjg k2lt / hLjg Jojxf/ xf] . dflg;x? Jojxf/ / kl/0ffd x]g] { e};s]sf 5g\ tkfO{sf] gf/fn] hLjg Jojxf/df Nofpg] kl/0ffd;+u ;flgWotf /fV5 ls /fvb}g Tof] klg x]Ssf u/f} b'lgof jv]8f 5f]8f} d+l;/ rf/ s} r'gfjdf ;xefuL jgf} ef/tLo r'gfjsf] /fk tfksf] cfzjf6 e|ldt e} r'gfjsf] ldlt ;fg]{ uNtL gu/f} o;}df b]z / hgtfsf] lxt 5 bnx?sf] klg lxt 5 tkfO{ g]tfx?sf] lxt 5 .

Featured Post

Why presidential system?

We are in historical moment. After a six decade long struggle Nepal became able to have an election of Constituent Assembly. Issue of Consti...