PRODUCTION and REVOLUTION BY DR Bhattarai

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g]kfnL ;dfhsf] s|flGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fsfnflu g]kfnL hgtfn] ljleGg ;do / sfnv08df cfkmgf Tofu jlnbfg / ;+3if{sf lslt{dfgx? V8f u/]sf lyP , sltko lslt{dfgx? ;kmntfdf k'u] sltko lslt{dfgx? tTsfn c;kmn eP klg ltgn] eljZosf nflu ;kmntfsf] cfwf/ tof/ kf/] . !((& ;fnsf] /f0ff lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngdf ePsf] kmf;Lsf] ;hfob]lv /f0ff lj?4sf] @))& ;fnsf] s|flGt lg/+s'z k+rfotsf lj?4sf bzsf} nfdf ;+3if{sf ufyfx? @)@* ;fnsf] emfkf ljb|f]x o;sf dxTjk'0f{ kf6fx? x'g\ . o;}u/L @)#^ ;fnsf] hgdt;+u|x, @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng x'b} @)%@ ;fnsf] dxfg hgo'4sf] yfngL;+u} To;}sf] hudf ePsf] @)^@ )^# sf] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng kZrft g]kfnL hgtfn] ljut ;f7L jif{b]lvsf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] rfxgfnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ dfq} x}g c9fO{ ;o jif{ nfdf] zfx j+zLo /fhtGqsf] klg cGt ug]{ uf}/jzfnL lslt{dfg sfod ePsf 5g\ . lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf :yfgdf u0ftGq, PsfTds zf;g k|0ffnLsf 7fpdf ;+3Lotf, lxGb' clw/fHosf 7fpdf wd{lg/k]Iftf / Ps hflt Ps efiff Ps ln+u / Ps ju{sf] Ps5q zf;g ePsf] ;dfhnfO{ ;dfj]zL ;dfg'kflts / ;xeflutfd'ns nf]stGq oltj]nfsf] /fhg}lts gf/f jg]sf] 5 . o; vfnsf] P]ltxfl;s pknJwL k|fKt ePsf] ;Gbe{df g]kfnL ;dfh k|fKt pknJwLnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ P]ltxfl;s sfo{ef/ ;lxt pkl:yt 5 . o; 38Ldf g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cu|ufdL r]tgf jf]s]sf] ju{ / To;df klg s|flGtsf/L af}l4s ;d'bfosf] e"ldsf c;fWo dxTjsf] /xg] ub{5 . To;} ;]/f]km]/f]df ;+If]kdf rrf{ ug]{ w]o o; cfn]vdf /flvPsf] 5 .

g]kfnL ;dfhdfsf] rl/q kmk]l/Psf] 5 M

g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/qsf jf/]df cfheGbf ;f7L jif{ cufl8 lt/ hltj]nf g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] u7g x'b} lyof] Toltj]nf cw{ ;fdGtL / cw{ cf}klgj]lzs eg]/ ls6fg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f7L jif{sf] bf}/fgdf g]kfnL ;dfhdf dxTjk'0f{ km]/ jbn cfPsf] 5 ljZjdf ljZjJoflks/0f, e'd08nLs/0f, lj1fg / k|ljlwdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g / vf;u/L ;'rgf / k|ljlwdf cfPsf] s|flGtn] lgs} kl/jt{g NofO{lbPsf] 5 eg] dxfg hgo'4 h:tf o'ufGtsf/L kl/36gfx?n] g]kfnL ;dfh / g]kfnL ;dfh dfkm{t ljZj ;dfhnfO{ ;d]t ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z lbg] u/L kl/jt{g / ?kfGt/0fsf] wSsf lbPsf] 5 . log} kl/36gf / wSsfsf] kl/0ffd :j?k g]kfnL ;dfhdf ;lbof}b]lv sfod /x]sf] ;fdGtL lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf] cGt ePsf] 5 . h:n] ;fdGtjfbL ;+:sf/ / ;+/rgfdf ?dlnPsf] g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ d'Qm ul/lbPsf] 5 h;n] k/Dk/fut ?kdf /x]sf ;dfh / ;dfh lgdf{0fsf cfwf/x? ;+/rgfx? / :j?kdf ;d]t hjh{:t jbnfj vf]h]sf] cj:yf 5 . s|flGt / ?kfGt/0fsf cfGbf]ngx? ;dfh kl/jt{gsf cfGbf]ng x'g\ . ;dfh kl/jt{gsfnflu ;dfhsf cfwf/e"t ljz]iftfsf] lr/kmf/ ug{ h?/L x' G5 . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0fsfnflu dxfg hgo'4sf] yfngL ubf{ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/q cw{ ;fdGtL / cw{ cf}klgj]lzs lyof] eg] dxfg hgo'4sf] hudf ePsf ljleGg cfGbf]ngx?sf] jndf /fhtGqsf] cGt nufotsf dxTjk'0f{ pknJwLx? k|fKt ;+u} g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/qdf cfwf/e"t kl/jt{g NofO{ lbPsf] 5 . t;y{ cj g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/q jblnPsf] ;Gbe{df g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0fsfnflu ul/g] cfGbf]ng s|flGt / kl/jt{gsf cleofgx?sf] sfo{gLlt / /0fgLltdf klg kl/jt{g Nofpg h?/L 5 . lxhf] cw{ ;fdGtL / cw{ cf}klgj]lzs ;dfh /x]sf jvt ;f] ;dfhnfO{ jbNgsfnflu lb3{sflng hgo'4sf] pkfo jfx]s c? pkfo sfdofjL x'g] lyPgg\ ToxL cjnDjg ul/of] . h;n] tL rl/q jbNg jfWo klg jgfof] . t/ cfh g]kfnL ;dfh jblnPsf] ;Gbe{df pxL k'/fg} sfo{gLlt / /0fgLlt clVtof/ ug]{ s'/f km]l/ oflGqs / h8z'qjfbL x'G5 to;}n] cj s|flGtsf /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltdf kl/jt{g ug{ h?/L ePsf] 5 To;}n] x]6f}8f dxflwj]zgn] Tof] sfo{ef/ cf/De klg ul/;s]sf] 5 . cj to;nfO{ yk ;+j[4 ug]{ To;sf] j'emfO{df :ki6tf Nofpg] / To;nfO{ O{dfGbfl/tfsf;fy sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDd]jf/L cjsf] sfo{ef/ jg]sf] 5 .

pkl/;+/rgfdf k|fKt pknJwL hf]ufpg cfwf/df hf]8M

dfS;{jfbn] pkl/;+/rgf / cfwf/ eg]/ ljefhg ug]{ / pkl/;+/rgfdf ;/sf/ hgk|ltlglw ;+:yf jf o:t} cGo /fhg}lts ;+/rgf lgsfo j c+ux? kg]{ / To;sf] k|efj ;f] ;dfhdf /x]sf] pTkfbg ;DjGw / pTkfbg k|0ffnLsf] /xg] :ki6 u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ;Gbe{df s'/f ubf{ ljleGg ;dosf s|flGt / kl/jt{gsf cfGbf]ngx?n] g]kfnsf] /fHo ;Qfsf] pkl/;+/rgfsf ?kdf /x]sf /fhtGq ;/sf/ ;+;b / o:t} ;+/rgfx?df cfwf/e"t kl/jt{g g} Nofof] s|flGtsf/L kl/jt{g g} Nofof] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] pkl/;+/rgfdf s|flGt u/of] . ;f] s|flGtjf6 k|fKt pknjwLnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ jf To;nfO{ l6sfpg g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfwf/ jbNg h?/L ePsf] 5 . cfwf/ jbNg ;lsPg eg] pkl/;+/rgfdf k|fKt u/]sf] pkNwKnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ cfwf/sf ?kdf /x]sf] pTkfb k|0ffnLdf jbnfj Nofpg h?/L ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] pTkfbg k|0ffnL d'VotM bnfn / g]fs/zfxL k'lhklt ug{sf] g]t[Tj / jr{zj sfod 5 . h;nfO{ ;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] cflzjf{b k|fKt lyof] /fhtGqsf] cgt ;+u} bnfn / gf]s/zfxL ju{sf] g]t[Tj / jr{zj /x]sf] pTkfbg k|0ffnL g]t[Tj ljlxg jg]sf] 5 . To;}n] tof] ju{ cj ljuts} h:tf] lg/Gt/ cfkmgf] ;Qf ;+rfng ug]{ cj:yfdf 5}g To;}n] Tof] ju{ o;} klg sdhf]/ ePsf] 5 eg] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] s|flGtsf/L ?kfGt/ rfxg] cu|ufdL / s|flgtsf/Lx?n] cfwf/ jbNg] /0fgLlt / sfo{gLltsf] ljsf; ug{ h?/L ePsf] 5 . cfh;Ddsf] g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng cfwf/ jbNg]eGbf pkl/;+/rgfdf l;dlt x'g] cj:yf /xof] t/ o; k6s e[s'6Ld08k df ;Dkgg lj:tfl/t j}7s Pj+ x]6f}8f dxflwj]zgjf6 cfwf/ jbNg] /0fgLlt clVtof/ ul/;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . To;}n] pkl/;+/rgfdf ju{;+3if{sf] dfWodjf6} k|fKt pknJwLnfO{ hf]ufpg cfwf/ jbng kg]{ / cfwf/ jbNg klg ju{ ;+3if{s} t/ km/s vfnsf] ;+3if{sf] vfrf] kg]{ s'/fnfO{ cfTd;f tub}{ bnfn / gf]s/zfxL k'hLsf lj?4 :jflwg / cfTdlge{/ ;f/tTj ;lxtsf] /fli6|o k'lhsf] ljsf; ug]{ x]t'n] ju{ ;+3if{sf] yfngL u/]sf] 5 h;nfO{ pTkfbg / lgdf{0fsfnflu kf6L{ /0fgLltsf] gof cfofd gfd lbO{Psf] 5 . o; vfnsf] sfo{ef/sf] kl/k'lt{sfnflu o; kIfsf] dfS;{jfbL dfGotfsf cfwf/df yk ;Dj[4 ug]{ s'/f ljleGg 36sdf ljeflht sDo'lgi6  cfGbf]ngnfO{ of] ljifo ;lxt Pst[t ug]{ s'/f g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ ;f] kIfdf] 8f]/ofpg] s'/f / o;sf] ;xL 9+un] ;}4flGtsf/0f ug]{ / o;sf] Jojl:yt k|rf/ ug]{ ;d]tsf sfo{ef/ oltj]nfsf] s|flGtsf/L lx:;f / s|fltsf/L af}l4s ;d’zbfosf] sfwdf cfO{ k/]sf] 5 .

 hgjfbL s|flGtsf pknJwL M

g]kfnL ;dfhn] k|fKt u/]sf u0ftGq ;+3Lotf wd{lg/k]Iftf / ;dfj]zLtf h:tf pknJwL pknjwLx? hgjfbL s|flGtsf dxTjk'0f{ pknJwL x'g . sltko dflg;x? oL pknJwLx?sf] dxTj / dlxdfnfO{ cfTd;f tug{ g;Sbf jf To;nfO{ cjd'Nog ubf{ s]xL klg ePsf] 5}g eGg] klg u/]sf] 5g\ ;f] ljrf/ ;xL xf]O{g g]kfnL ;dfhdf hf/L s|flGtsf/L cfGbf]ngs} jndf oL pknJwL xfl;n ePsf x'g oL pknJwLx?sf] b'/ufdL dxTj 5 To;}n] lognfO{ x/ xfntdf hf]ufpb} log} pknJwLdfly 6]s]/ yk pknJwL xfl;n ug'{ s'g} klg s|flGtsf/Lsf] bfloTj jGg cfp5 . To;}n] o; ljifonfO{ x]6f}8f dxflwj]zgn] oL pknJwLx? hgjfbL s|flGtsf dxTjk'0f{ pknJwL g} x'g eGg] ls6fg u/]sf] 5 . hgjfbL s|flGtsf dxTjk'0f{ pknJwLsf ?kdf /x]sf oL ljifox?nfO{ cfTd;f tub}{ / lognfO{ ;+:yfut ub}{ cl3 j9]/ dfq} g]kfnL gof hgjfbL s|flGtsf] afsL sfo{ef/ k'/f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] k|i6 u/]sf] 5 . t/ jf+sL sfo{ef/ k'/f ug{ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] rl/qdf cfwf/e"t ?kdf jbnfj cfPsf] o; 38Ldf k'/fg} hfg]dfg]sf] jf6f] eg] em} km]l/ hgo'4df kms{g] s'/f j:t'jfbL x'b}g eg] km]l/ klg pkl/;+/rgfdf g} cNdlnO{/xg] s'/f klg ;xL x'b}g eGb} cj gof 9+un] jfsL s|flGt k'/f ug]{ x]t'n] s|flGtsf sfo{gLlt / /0fgLltsf] ljsf; ug{ k5{ egg] ls6fg ub}{ To;f] ubf{ g]kfnL hgtfsf] hLjgdf kl/jt{gsf] cg'e"l tug]{ u/L cfly{s ljsf;sf] cfwf/ tof/  ug}{ s|flGtsf] vfrf] k/]sf] 5 To;sfnflu ;+s|d0fsflng cy{gLltsf] cjnDjg ub}{ g]kfnL hgtfsf] :jfldTj / jr{:jdf g]kfnL cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ x]t'n] cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ug{ h?/L 5 . h;n] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfwf/df dxTjk'0f{ km]/jbn Nofpg] 5 eg] cfly{s ljsf;sf] ;fy ;fy} clwsf/sf] /Iff csf]{ dxTjsf] ljifoxf] h;sfnflu ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lo ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ s'/f of] sfo{gLltsf] cleGg cu x'g k'u]sf] 5 . ;+ljwg;efjf6 klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+3Lo ;+ljwfg jgfpg ;Sbf g]kfnL hgtfn] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] k|of]u Jojxfl/s ?kdf g} ug}{ cj;/ kfpg]5g\ o; kl/36gf kl5 dfq} g]kfnL hgtf ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] Jojxfl/s k|of]usf] k'li6 x'g]5 . klxrfgsf] k|Zgn] cfGtl/s /fli6|otf jlnof] jgfpg k'/} e"ldsf v]Ng] 5 / ;+3Lo df]8]nn] k/Dk/fut ;fdGtL /fHo k|0ffnL / ;f]sf] ;+rfng Pj+ ljsf;sf] ;d]t k2ltdf cfwf/e"t s|flGtsf/L kl/jt{g g} NofO{lbg]5 . olt sfd ;DkGg ul/;Sbf g]kfnL ;dfhn] gof hgjfbL s|flGtsf jfsL sfo{ef/ klg k'/f ug]{5 / ;dfhjfbL s|flGtsf] cfwf/ tof/ ug]{5 .

jn k|of]usf] ;fj{ef}d dfGotfM

jn k|of]u ljgf s'g} klg ;dfhdf s|flGtsf/L / cu|ufdL kl/jt{g ePsf 5}gg\ . ;fdfGo :j?kdf x'g} ;j} km]/jbn / ljsf; s|flGt x}gg\ / s|flGtsf/L kl/jt{g klg x}gg\ To;}n] dfS;{jfbL dfGotfn] s|flGtsf/L kl/jt{gsfnflu jn k|of]usf] clgjfo{tfnfO{ JoQm ub{5 . jn k|of]usf] dfGotfsf cfwf/df g]kfnL ;dfhn] dxTjk'0f{ / s|flGtsf/L pknJwL g} xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . cj jfsL pknJwL xfl;n ug{sfnflu klg vf; u/L cfwf/ jbNg] s'/fdf cyf{t bnfn / g]fs/zfxL k"hLsf] jr{:j / g]t[Tjdfly :jflwg cfTdlge{/ cy{tGqsf kIfkftL /fli6|o k"lhklt ju{n] wfjf jf]Nbf ;fdfGo jn k|of]usf] cfjZostf kg{ klg ;Sb5 . oBlk dxfg hgo'4sf] jn k|of]usf] sf/0fn] dSsLPsf] /fhtGqsf] h/f ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] j}7sjf6 jn k|of]u gu/L 9Nof] To;} u/L bnfn / g]fs/zfxL k"hL ;fdGtjfbL cflzjf{b cf8 e/f];f k|fKt ug{ 5f8] kl5 :jt sdhf]/ ePs} 5 o:tf] cj:yfdf tof] ju{n] c? s'g} xs{g u/]g eg] :jefljs ?kdf /fli6|o k'hLsf] ljsf; x'g] / bnfn / gf]s/zfxL k'hLsf] lj:yfkg x'b} hfg] cj:yf l;h{gf x'g ;Sg]5 . t/ o; cjlwdf bnfn / gf]s/zfxL ju{n] cgfjzos xs{t u/of] eg] Toxf :jefljs ?kdf jn k|of]usf] clgjfo{ cfjzostf cfO{ kg]{5 . To;}n] hgjfbL s|flGtsf jfsL sfo{ef/x? k'/f ug]{ ;Gbe{df dfS;{jfbLo dfGotfsf cfwf/df jn k|of]usf] ;fj{ef}d dfGotf cu|ufld kl/jt{gsf kIfkfltx?sf lj?4df pleg]x?sf] e"ldsf s] /xG5 eGg] s'/fdf g} lge{/ ub{5 . t;y{ cu|ufld s|flGtsf/L k/jt{gsf kIfkftLx?n] o; ljifodf yk cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ / To;nfO{ Jojxf/df k|of]u ug]{ ljlwsf] ljsf; ug{ h//L ePsf] 5 . of] e"ldsf s|flGtsf/L af}l4s ;d'bfon] cjsf] sfo{ef/sf ?kdf u|x0f ug{ h?/L 5 .

cu|ufdL k/jt{gsf] kIfdf hgtfM

g]kfnL ;dfhsf] :j?k x]bf{ hgdtsf lx;fjn] klg kl/jt{gsf kIfdf k6s k6s cfkmgf] dt hfx]/ u/]sf] kfO{G5 . s|flGtsf/L cfGbf]ngsf kIfdf xf]; jf zflGtk'0f{ cfGbf]ngx?df g} lsg gxf]; hgtfsf] ;fy sfkmL 5 . dxfg hgo'4sf sl7g lbgx?df xf]; jf @)^@.)^#sf] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngdf xf]; g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;fy kof{Kt k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] kl/0ffdn] klg nueu b'O{ ltxfO{ dt cu|ufdl kl/jt{gsf kIfdf 5 3f]lift sDo'lgi6x?sf kIfdf 5 . g]kfnL hgdt s|flGtsf/L ?kfGt/0fsf kIfdf 5 . vfnL ltgsf] Joj:yfkg xfd|f] ;d:of xf] . tof] hgdtnfO{ Psfsf/ jgfpg g;Sg' xfd|f] sdhf]/L xf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] sdhf]/L xf] ToxL sdhf]/LnfO{ clnsltdfq} ;Rofpbf dxfg hgo'4 klg Tof] ;kmntfsf] r'nLdf k'Uof] ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngn] klg tof] ;kmntf k|fKt u/of] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] tof] dt klg ;kmntfs} csf]{ c+z xf] . o; s'/fnfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} jfsL sfo{ef/ k'/f ug{ klg to; vfnsf] pT;fxsf] vfrf] 5 eg] ljutdf ePsf l;df / sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ klg gbf]xf]/ofpg / ;Rofpg h?/L 5 . o;f] ug{ ;slof] eg] dfq} klg cu|ufld kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf /x]sf g]kfnL hgtfsf] cledtnfO{ Psfsf/ u/]/ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0fsf] cleofgdf nfdj4 ug{ ;lsG5 / g]kfnL s|flGtsf] P]ltxfl;s sfo{ef/ k"/f ug{ ;lsG5 .

kl/jt{gsf lj/f]wLx?sf] xtf; dgl:yltM

g]kfnL ;dfh hj cu|ufld ?kfGt/0fsf] kIfdf cufl8 j9g yfNof] tj tj cu|ufld / kZrfufdLx? jLrsf] 6Ss/ cfDg] ;fDg] bfvf kg'{ :jefljs g} lyof] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0fsf] of] cleofgdf klg of] kl/36gf k6s k6s / lg0f{os 38Ldf b]vf kg]{ u/]sf] 5 . to;}n] s|flGtsf/L cfGbf]ngx?n] / cu|ufld ?kfGt/0fsf cfGbf]ngx?n] klg cgk]lIft Ifltsf] ;fdgf ug{ kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] 5 . cu|ufld kl/jt{gsf] lg0f{fos 38Ldf cu|ufdL ?kfGt/0fsf kIfkfltx? pT;flxt x'g] / kl/jt{gsf lj/f]wLx? Xtf; dgl:yltdf /xg] kl/36gf x'g] u/]sf 5g\ of] cg'ejnfO{ x]Ssf /fVb} cu|ufld kl/jt{gsf] of] cleofg cufl8 j9]sf jvt kl/jt{gsf lj/f]wLx?n] To;nfO{ ;xg / krfpg g;s]/ To;sf lj?4 h'g;'s} xs{t ug{ klg kl5 kb}{gg\ . lj/f]wLx? Xtf; eP eg] h'g;'s} xs{t klg ug{ ;Sg] lj/f]wLsf jx'n77Lk'0f{ xs{t h;nfO{ 7Ls 9+un] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sbf cu|ufld ?kfgt/0fnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ ;xh x'g] t/ to;nfO{ x]Ssf /fVg klg / Joj:yfkg klg ug{ g;Sbf Iflt JJoxf]g{ kg]{ cj:yf x'g ;Sb5 o; tkm{ s|flGtsf/L af}l4s ;d'bfosf] e"ldsf s]lGb|t ug{ h?/L x'g]5 .

lgisif{df Mhf]8 pTkfbg / lgdf{0fdf hf]8 u/f} M

xfdLn] pkl/;+/rgfdf dxTjk'0f{ pknJwL xfl;n u/]sf 5f} cj To;nfO{ hf]ufpgsfnflu klg s|flGtsf] jfsL sfo{ef/sf ?kdf klg cfly{s s|flGt xfd|f] sfo{ef/ xf] . cfly{s sf|flGt s]jn cy{jfb x}g dfS;{jfbL dfGotf cg';f/ cfwf/ jbNg] s'/f xf] . to;}n] cjsf] s|flGt cfly{s s|flGt cjsf] s|flGt hgtfsf] hLjg jbNg] s|flGt cjsf] s|flGt cfly{s ;Dj[l4sf] s|flGt eGg] s'/fdf l4ljwf /fVg x'b}g . o;sf] cy{ h] u/]/ klg h;/L klg cfly{s ljsf; eg] x}g . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfwf/ jbNg] u/L cfly{s s|flGt g]kfnL ;dfhsf cGt/ljf/]fwx?nfO{ xn ug]{ u/L cfly{s s|flGt g]kfnL ;dfhdf ljBfdfg ;fdGtL pTkfbg k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t pTkfbg ;DjGwdf jbnfj Nofpg] u/L cfly{s s|flGt g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ cfTdlge{/ jgfpg] u/L cfly{s s|flGt / :jflwg cy{tGqsf] ljsf;sf] dfWodjf6 /fli6|otf dhj't kfg]{ u/L cfly{s s|flGtsf cy{df j'emg h?/L 5 . o;sfnflu ;j} g]tf sfo{stf{ / hgtf pTkfbdf hf]l8g] u/L cfkmgf] hLjg z}nLnfO{ kl/jt{g u/]/ dfq} of] cleofg k'/f ug{ ;lsG5 . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] Pp6f lx:;f u/L vfg] cfsf]{ lx:;f 7uL vfg]df ljeflht ePsf] of] oyfy{df ljzfn sfo{stf{ / g]tfx?sf] kmf}h hDdf u/]sf] kf6L{sf clwsf+z g]tf sfo{stf{x? g]kfnL ;dfhsf] h:tf] h:tf] / jfsL nDk6 ;j{xf/f h:tf] hf] x'g] vt/f 5 To;jf6 klg hf]ufpb} g]kfnL s|flGt ;DkGg ug]{ j}1flgs xltof/sf ?kdf r':t b'?:t / ptkfbgdf hf]l8Psf] ;+u7g oltj]nfsf] vfrf] xf] . pTkfbg / lgdf{0f;+u ghf]l8Psf] ;+u7g hg;+u7g x'g} ;Sb}g eGg] dfGotfsf] ljsf; u/]/} eP klg l;uf] d'n'nnfO{ Psk6s pTkfbg / lgdf{0f clg Joj:yfkgsfnflu ;+3if{ u/f}+ eGg] g/fdf ;+s]lGb\t ub}{ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfwf/ jbNg] / pkl/;+/rgfdf k|fKt u/]sf pknJwLnfO{ jrfpg] cleofgdf nfu}f o; cleofgdf g]kfnL s|flGtsf/L a'l4hLjLx?sf] cu|0fL :yfg /xof] eg] of] sfo{lbzf ;lhn} ;Dj[4 ug{, hgtfsf jLrdf j'emfpg / nfu' ug{ ;xh x'g]5 . P]ltxfl;s /fli6|o ;Dd]ngn] of] lbzf ;dftf]; oxL z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5' .

---

 [D1]

 [D2]

BIDHAN NION

g]kfn /fli6«o k|ultzLn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gsf] lawfg ,@)&)

k|:tfjgf M

;a} k|sf/sf zf]if0f bdg / pTkL8gsf lj?4 h'Wb} ;dfh ¿kfGt/0f / ;d'Ggt gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ug{] cleofgdf ;xefuL aGg] / ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL cu|ufdL dfS;{jfbL r]tgfo'Qm af}l4s ;d'bfosf] xs lxtsf] /Iffy{ dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL–dfcf]jfbL ljrf/sf] dfu{ lgb]{zgdf a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ ;+u7Lt ub}{ hgjfbL qmflGtsf] af+sL sfo{ef/ k"/f ug]{ ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] /0fgLltnfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg a[xb PsLs[t / ;';+u7Lt a'l4hLjLx¿sf] ;+u7gsf] cfjZostf dx;"; u/L g]kfn /fli6«o k|ultzLn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gको २०७० साल भाद्र @८ र २९ गते सम्पन्न राष्ट्रिय सम्मेलनबाट संगठनको cfk\mgf] p2]Zo kl/k"lt{sf nflu 7f]; / sfo{d"ns af}l4s lqmofsnfkdf of]ubfg k'Ug]u/L of] ;+u7gdf ef}uf]lns k|ltlglwTj, ljlzi6 ljz]if1tfsf] If]q / k]zfut ;+u7gaf6 jf}l4s k|ltlglwTj /xg]u/L of] ;+u7gsf] ;+/rgf ;d]t tof/ u/L of] ljwfg jgfO{ hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .

kl/R5]b !

!= ;+u7gsf] gfd M

o; ;+u7gsf] gfd æg]kfn /fli6«o k|ultzLn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gÆ -;+lIfKtdf æg]/fk|a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL ;+u7g -;+lIfKtdf æg]a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL dxf;+w -;+lIfKtdf æg]a'dÆ_  /xg]5 . c+u|]hLdf "NATIONAL PROGRESSIVE INTELLECTUALS' ORGANIZATION OF NEPAL" (NPION) or "NEPAL INTELLECTUALS' ORGANIZATION" (NIO) or  "NATIONAL INTELLECTUALS' FEDERAL ORGANIZATION" (NIFO)  x'g]5 . of] ;+u7g Ps cljl5Gg pQ/flwsf/jfnf :jzfl;t ;+:yf x'g]5 / o;n] AolQm ;/x gfln; ph'/ ug{ ;Sg]5 tyf o; pk/ klg AolQm ;/x gfln; ph'/ nfUg ;Sg]5 .

@=     k|f/De M /fli6«o ;Dd]ngaf6 kfl/t ePsf] ldltवाट यो विधान लागू हुनेछ ।

#=     ;+u7gsf] sfof{no M  ;+u7gsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no sf7df8f+} pkTosfdf /xg] 5 . lhNnf tyf /fHo ;ldltsf sfof{nox? tL ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] :yfgdf /xg] 5g\ .

$=    kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; ljwfgdf

$=!=   a'l4hLjL eGgfn] ;dfhnfO{ cu|ufdL lbzfdf 8f]¥ofpFg åGbfTds ef}ltsjfbL lrGtgnfO{ cfTd;ft ug]{ / dfS;{jfbL lj1fgdf laZjf; ePsf pTkfbgd"ns dfgl;s jf ef}lts >d ug]{ AolQmnfO{ a'emfpF5 . o;sf] nflu s'g} lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] cf}krfl/s z}lIfs pkflwsf] cefj afws dflgg] 5}g .

$=@= æljwfgÆ eGgfn] æg]kfn /fli6«o k|ultzLn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gÆ -;+lIfKtdf æg]/fk|a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL ;+u7g -;+lIfKtdf æg]a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL dxf;+w -;+lIfKtdf æg]a'dÆ_  sf] ljwfgnfO{ ;+emg'k5{ .

$=#=   æ;+u7gÆeGgfn] æg]kfn /fli6«o k|ultzLn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gÆ -;+lIfKtdf æg]/fk|a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL ;+u7g -;+lIfKtdf æg]a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL dxf;+w -;+lIfKtdf æg]a'dÆ_  nfO{ ;+emg'k5{ .

$=$=  æsfo{;ldltÆ eGgfn] æg]kfn /fli6«o k|ultzLn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gÆ -;+lIfKtdf æg]/fk|a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL ;+u7g -;+lIfKtdf æg]a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL dxf;+w -;+lIfKtdf æg]a'dÆ_  sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldlतnfO{ ;+emg'k5{ . of] zJbn] of] lawfg adf]lhd ul7t /fHo ;dGjo ;ldlt, lhNnf ;ldlt / :yfgLo OsfO{sf] sfo{ ;ldltnfO{ ;d]t hgfpg]5 .

$=%= æ;b:oÆ eGgfn] lawfg adf]lhd ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf ;j} ;b:ox?nfO{ j'lemg]5 .

$=^=  ;Nnfxsf/ eGgfn] ;+u7gsf] p2]Zo k"lt{ ug]{ sfo{df cfjZos ;/;Nnfx / ;'emfj lbgsf nflu sfo{ ;ldltaf6 ;Nnfxsf/sf ¿kdf dgf]gog ul/Psf ljljw ef}uf]lns k|ltlglwTj, ljlzi6 ljz]if1tfsf] If]q / k]zfut ;+u7gaf6 jf}l4s k|ltlglwTj nufotsf JolQmTjx?nfO{ ;Demg' kb{5 .

$=&=  lgod eGgfn] ;+u7gsf] lgodnfO{ a'em\g' kg]{5 .

%=     ;+u7gsf] em08f M    Pp6f v'nf k':tssf] jLraf6 Pp6f $% l8u|Lsf] sf]0fdf e'ms]sf] snd / To;n] b]vfPsf] lbzfsf] cfsfzdf Pp6f ;fgf] tf/f sndsf] 6'Kkf]dfly lstfjsf] jLraf6 rf/}lt/af6 uf]nfsf/df bzj6f a/fa/ prfO{sf ls/0fx?n] 3]l/Psf] Pp6f bLk k|Hjng eO/x]sf] nf]uf] /x]sf] x'g]5 . em08fsf] ;fOh k|rlnt cfsf/df #M! sf] x'g]5 .

^=     ;+u7gsf] 5fk / lrGx M

       ;a} txsf ;+u7gsf] 5fk pko'Qm a[t'nfsf/ uf]nfO{df dfly æg]kfn /fli6«o k|ultzLn a'l4hLjL ;+u7gÆ -;+lIfKtdf æg]/fk|a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL ;+u7g -;+lIfKtdf æg]a';+Æ_ jf g]kfn a'l4hLjL dxf;+w -;+lIfKtdf æg]a'dÆ_ c+u]h|Ldf "NATIONAL PROGRESSIVE INTELLECTUALS' ORGANIZATION OF NEPAL" (NPION) or "NEPAL INTELLECTUALS' ORGANIZATION" (NIO) or  "NATIONAL INTELLECTUALS' FEDERAL ORGANIZATION" (NIFO)  jLrdf em08fsf] nf]uf] d'lg ;ldltsf] gfd / :yflkt ;fn /xg]5 .

kl/R5]b @

&=    p2]Zo M

&=!=   dfn]dfjfb lj1fgsf] ;f/nfO{ u|x0f ub}{ ;f]xL cfwf/df a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ ;+u7Lt / k|lzlIft ug]{ / k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{,

&=@=   hLjg / ;dfhsf ;a} If]qdf k|ultzLn ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] k|ls|ofnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] ,

&=#=   ;fdGtjfb, ;fd|fHojfb, la:tf/jfb / ;a}vfn] k|ltls|ofjfbsf] la/f]wdf x'g] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o hgafbL,;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ngx?nfO{ ;xof]u / ;dy{g ug]{,

&=$=  laleGg laifout / k]zfut laz]if1tf xf“l;n u/]sf a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ uf]naGb u/L cfjZos laleGg sfo{qmdx? u/L u/fO{ /fli6«o lxt / k|ultzLn ?kfGt/0fsf nflu 6]jf k'/\ofpg ;xof]u ug]{ .

&=%=   a'l4hLjLx?dfly e}/x]sf zf]if0f, pTkL8g / cGofo cTofrf/sf la?4 ;+3if{ ub}{ af}l4s k]zfut xs       lxtsfnflu ls|ofzLn /xg],

&=^=   k|fl1s tyf cleAolQm :jtGqtfsfnflu ;+3if{ ub}{{ l;h{gfTds af}l4s ls|ofsnfkx? ug]{,

&=&=   ;}4flGts, j}rfl/s Pjd\ cGo ljifodf cfjZos cWoog, cg';Gwfg ug]{

&=*=  बौद्धिक समुदायको पेशागत हकहितका निम्ति संघर्ष गर्ने

&=(=   ;dfg pb]Zo ePsf /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o ;+3 ;+:yfx?;+u ;DaGw sfod ug]{,

*=   sfo{d"ns p2]ZoM

     pk/f]Qm pb]Zox? k|flKtsf nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf cfjZos sfo{d"ns sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ M

*=!=   ;dfg p2]Zo / ljrf/ /x]sf a'l4hLjLx? aLr /x]sf dt leGgtfx?nfO{ cGt/lqmofsf] dfWodåf/f xn ub}{ hfg] u/L dfS;{jfbL a'l4hLjLx?sf] Pp6} k|efjsf/L ;+u7g agfpg hf]8 lbg] .

*=@=   ;fdGtjfb ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL d+rsf ?kdf oyfl:yltjfb lj/f]wL a'l4hLjx?sf] ;+o'Qm df]rf{ agfpg kxn ug]{ .

*=#= a'l4hLjLx?nfO{ ;fd"lxs?kdf b]zsf ljleGg If]qdf e|d0f u/fpg] dhb"/ ls;fgx? dfem sfd ug{ k]|l/t ug]{ .

*=$= dfS;{jfbL cWoog k|0ffnLsf] Jojl:yt ljsf;sf nflu k':tsfno tyf jfrgfnox?sf] Joj:yf ug]{ kf7\oqmd lgwf{/0f ug]{ / :s"n ;+rfng ug]{ .

*=%=  ;d;fdlos HjnGt ljifox?df 5nkmn cGtlq{mof uf]i7L / ;efx? ug]{ .

*=^=   ;dfg p2]Zo ePsf b]zL ljb]zL ;flxTosf] cg'jfb, ef}lts l;h{gf ug{ / cg';GwfgfTds tyf ljrf/k|wfg k|sfzgx?sf] ;d]t Joj:yf ug]{ .

*=&=  /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o hgjfbL, ;dfhjfbL cfGbf]ngdf ;xof]u k'Ug] vfnsf ultljlwx? ;+rfng ug]{ / ;xeflutf hgfpg] .

*=*=  ljifout lalzi6tf xf“l;n u/]sf cu|ufdL lrGtgzLn b]zeQm Gofok|]dL laåfgx?nfO{ sb/ ub}{ jxfFx?sf] 1fg / lzknfO{ b]z / hgtfsf lxtdf pkof]u ug{ d2t k'¥ofpg] ,

*=(=  ;d;fdlos laifodf cfkmgf wf/0ff ;fj{hlgs ug]{

*=!)= lgwf{l/t p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu cfjZostfg'?k ;+3if{sf ;DefJo pkfox? cjnDag ug]{ .

kl/R5]b #

(=   ;b:otf M

(=!=   ;+u7gsf] p4]Zo / ljwfgnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ @! aif{ pd]/ k'u]sf dfgl;s jf ef}lts sfo{df ;+nUg eO{        >dsf] cfb/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] ;+u7gsf] ;b:otf k|bfg ug]{ 5 .

(=@=   laleGg ef}uf]lns k|ltlglwTj, ljlzi6 ljz]if1tfsf] If]q / k]zfut ;+u7gaf6 jf}l4s k|ltlglwTj /xg]u/L af}l4s laz]if1tf xf“l;n u/]sf JolQmTjx?nfO{ ;+u7gdf cfj4 ug{ ;+u7gn] k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

(=#=   ;+u7gsf] ;b:o aGgsf nflu lgDg adf]lhdsf] z'Ns nfUg] 5 M

       -s_ k|a]z z'Ns — ?=!)).—

       -v_ aflif{s z'Ns — ?=%)).—

(=$=  ;+u7gsf k|To]s ;b:on] k|To]s aif{ c;f/ d;fGt ;Dddf ;DalGwt ;ldltx?dfk{mt cf—cfˆgf] ;b:otf gjLs/0f ug{ clgjfo{ x'g]5 .

(=%=   ;+u7gsf] ;fwf/0f ;b:o b]zsf] s'g} lhNnf jf lab]z :yfgfGt/ eP/ hfFbf cfkm" /x]sf] lhNnfdf ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 / cfˆgf] ;b:otfsf] /l;b k]z u/]df :jtM To; :yfgfGt/0f ePsf] lhNnfsf] ;b:o dflgg] 5 .

!)=   ;b:otfsf] ;dflKt M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g} klg ;b:osf] ;b:otf ;dfKt x'g]5 M

       -s_ /flhgfdf lbPdf,

       -v_ d[To' ePdf,

       -u_ cg'zf;gsf] sf/jfxL e} lgisflzt ePdf .

kl/R5]b $

!!= ;+u7gsf] ;+/rgf, tx / u7g k|s[ofM

;+u7gsf] ;+/rgf s]Gb| / af}l4s ;d'bfosf] 3lge"t pkl:ylt /x]sf s]Gb|x?df s]lGb|t x'g]5 . cfjZostfcg';f/ lhNnf / :yfgLo txdf ;d]t lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

;+u7gsf] ;+/rgfut :j?k ef}uf]ns s]Gb|, ljz]if1tfsf] If]q / k]zfut ;+u7gsf] jf}l4s k|ltlglwsf ?kdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ k|ltlglw ;lxtsf] -dxf;+3Lo :j?ksf]_ x'g]5 .

o;sfnflu ef}uf]lns k|ltlglwTjsf] If]q %)Ü ljz]if1tfsf] If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj @%Ü / ljleGg k]zfut ;+u7gx?sf] jf}l4s k|ltlglwTj @%Ü x'g] u/L s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] u7g x'g]5 .

!!=!   ;+u7gsf] d'Vo b'O{ tx s]Gb| / /fHo /xg] 5g\ / lhNnfsf] xsdf dfu ePdf tyf cfjZos dxz'; ePdf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] lg0f{odf u7g ug{ ;lsg] 5 . /fHo txdf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ /fHo ;dGjo ;ldlt / k|To]s lhNnfdf lhNnf ;ldlt /xg] 5g\ .

!!=@=  s]Gb|df /fli6«o ;Dd]ngåf/f @)! ;+Vofdf ;b:ox? /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt u7g x'g]5 . s]Gb|Lo ;ldltåf/f /fHo / lhNnfx?sf] lgdf{0f Pjd\ ;dGjo ;~rfng ug{ u/fpgsf nflu s]Gb|Lo ;ldltåf/f tf]lsPsf] /fHoleqsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox? Pjd\ lhNnfsf cWoIfx? /x]sf] /fHo ;+of]hg ;ldlt tyf lhNnfx?df ;Dd]ngaf6 u7g ul/Psf] lhNnf ;ldlt /xg]5 .

!!=#  lhNnf ;ldltdf al9df %! ;b:ox? /xg]5g\ .

!!=$  o; ;+u7gsf] ;af]{Rr c+u /fli6«o clwj]zg ÷ ;Dd]ng x'g]5 . /fli6«o clwa]zgaf6 s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt u7g geP ;Ddsf nflu /fli6«o ;Dd]ng cfof]hs ;ldlt g} ;af]{Rr c+u x'g]5 .

 

kl/R5]b %

!@= /fli6«o clwa]zg÷;Dd]ngM

!@=!=   of] lawfg adf]lhdsf] /fli6«o clwa]zg÷;Dd]ng ;fdfGotof tLg tLg aif{df ul/g]5 . ;dodf /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ng x'g g;s]df s"n ;b:o ;+Vofsf] %!Ü / eGbf al9 ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt;dIf /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngsf] dfu u/]df s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] # dlxgf leq /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ng af]nfpFg' kg]{5 .

!@=@   s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf ;b:ox?, /fHo ;+of]hg ;ldltsf ;b:ox? tyf केन्द्रिय समितिबाट तोकिएको     संख्यामा lhNnfx?af6 5flgPsf k|ltlglwx? Pad\ s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] tf]s]sf s]Gb|Lo k|ltlglwx?  -;Dk"0f{ k|ltlglw ;+Vofsf] bz k|ltzt ga9\g] u/L_ /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngsf k|ltlglw x'g]5g\ . lhNnfaf6 /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ng  k|ltlglw 5fGbf cWoIf, slDtdf Pshgf dlxnf / cGo k|ltlglw ;dfj]zLtfsf cfwf/df 5fGg'kg]{5 .

!@=#  /fli6«o clwa]zg÷;Dd]ngsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M

-s_     /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngn] tf]s]sf] ;+Vofdf ;b:ox? /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] rog ug]{ .

-v_     sfo{ ;ldltaf6 k|:t't ;f+u7lgs k|ltj]bg tyf cfo Aoosf] laa/0fdfly 5nkmn u/L kfl/t ug]{ .

-u_     cfo Joosf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm ug]{ .

-3_     cfufdL sfo{sfnsf nflu ;+u7gfTds gLlt tyf sfo{s|d lgwf{/0f ug]{ .

-ª_     ;+u7gsf] ljwfg lgdf{0f Pjd\ ;+zf]wg ug]{ .

kl/R5]b ^

!#= s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] u7g M

-!_    ljleGg ef}uf]lns k|ltlglwTj, ljlzi6 ljz]if1tfsf] If]q / k]zfut ;+u7gaf6 jf}l4s k|ltlglwTj /xg]u/L /fli6«o clwj]zgåf/f al9df @)! sf] ;+Vofdf ;b:ox? /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] u7g x'g]5 .

-@_    pQm ;ldltsf ;b:ox?dWo]af6 5flgPsf cWoIf !, dxf;lrj !, sf]iffWoIf ! / pkfWoIf %, ;lrj % / ;b:ox? /xg]5g\ .

-#_    s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] s'g} kb l/Qm x'g cfPdf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] kb k"lt{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!$=   s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Ao / clwsf/ M

s= /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngsf]  tof/L  ug]{ / /fli6«o o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngsf]  cfof]hgf ug]{ .

v= /fli6«o o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngdf  k|:t't x'g] ;+u7gsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] k|:tfj tof/ ug]{ .

u= ;+u7gsf] ljwfgsf] d;f}bf ug]{ .

3=  ;+of]hs ;lxtsf /fHo ;+u7g ;ldltsf] u7g ug]{ / /fHoleqsf lhNnfx?df lhNnf ;+u7gx?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ u/fpg] 

ª= /fHo ;+u7g ;ldlt / lhNnf ;ldltx?nfO{ cfjZos gLlt lgb]{zg k|bfg ug]{ .

r= ;+u7gsf] p2]Zo tyf sfo{s|dx? sfof{Gjog ug]{  .      

5= ;Dk"0f{ lhNnf ;ldlt tyf /fHo ;dGjo ;ldltx?;+u ;Dks{ u/L ;+u7gsf] pb]Zo k|flKtsf nflu tTk/ /xg] .

ज= /fli6«o o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngsf]  tof/Lsf qmddf ;+u7g lj:tf/ tyf ;b:otf cleofg rnfpg] .

em. ;+u7gsf] aflif{s ah]6 tof/ u/L cfo Aoosf] laa/0f tof/ kfg]{ tyf cg'df]bgsf nflu clwj]zgdf k]z ug]{ .

`= cfjZostf cg';f/ laefu jf ;ldlt  tyf pk;ldltx? u7g u/L clwsf/ k|Tofof]lht ug]{ .

6= JolQm ;/x ;+u7gsf] rn crn ;DklQsf]  lsg a]r ug{ kfpg] . t/ crn ;DklQ a]Rg' cufl8 clwa]zgsf] :jLs[lt k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .

7= cfjZostf cg';f/ j}tlgs tyf cj}tlgs sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm ug]{ .

9= k|zf;lgs sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos lgodx? agfpg] .

0f= ljwfgdf s'g} s'/f c:ki6 ePdf plrt JofVof u/L  lg0f{o lbg] .

t= ;dfg p2]Zo ePsf cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx? ePdf ltgLx?nfO{ cfkm"df ;dflxt u/fpg] jf ltgLx?;+u  Psfsf/ e} PsLs[t ;+u7g lgdf{0f ug{ kxn u/L PsLs[t ;+u7g lgdf{0f x'g] cj:yf ePdf ljz]if clwj]zg af]nfO{ lg0f{o cg';f/ ug]{ .

y=  s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] ug'{kg]{ sfdx?dWo] s'g} sfd ug{ ;lrjfno jf sfof{no jf u7Lt laefu jf pk;ldltnfO{ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg u/L sfo{ ug]{, u/fpg]  .

g= ;lrjfnon] u/]sf] sfd sf/jfxL / lg0f{osf] cg'df]bg ug]{ .

k= s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt /fli6«o o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g'kg]{ .

!#= s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno / sfof{nosf] u7g M

     s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] cfˆgf] ;b:ox? dWo]af6 Ps ltxfO{ ;+Vofdf ga9\g] u/L s]Gb|Lo ;lrafno / s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfnosf] ;b:ox?dWo]af6 Ps ltxfO{ ;+Vofdf ga9g] u/L sfof{no u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!$= ;Nnfxsf/ M s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx k/fdz{sf nflu ;Nnfxsf/x?sf] dgf]gog ug{;Sg] 5 . s]Gb|Lo ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos dxTjk"0f{ ;Nnfx ;'emfj / k/fdz{ lbg' ;Nnfxsf/x?sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

!%=  s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfd st{Ao / clwsf/ M

s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M

!%=! cWoIf M

!=   cWoIf M

s= s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt, s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno / s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] a}7s /  /ffli6«o e]nf jf clwa]zg÷;Dd]ngsf]  cWoIftf ug]{ .      

v= dxf;lrjsf] ;Nnfx lnP/ ;ldlt, ;lrjfno / sfof{nosf] cfufdL a}7s af]nfpg nufpg] .

u= /ffli6«o e]nf jf clwa]zg / sfo{ ;ldltsf lg0f{ox?sf] sfof{Gjog, /]vb]v / lgoGq0f ug]{, u/fpg] .

3= sfo{ ;ldltsf] a}7s gj;]sf] cj:yfdf cfjZostfg';f/ s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno jf s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 lg0f{o u/L sfd ug]{ / kl5Nnf] a}7saf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg] .

ª= a}7sdf dt a/fa/ ePdf lg0ff{os dt lbg] .

r= ;+u7gsf] ;DklQsf] ;/If0f / ;Daw{g ug]{ .

5= /ffli6«o P+j cGt/{fli6«o ;+3 ;+:yfdf ;+u7gsf]] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{, u/fpg] .

h= ;+u7gsf kbflwsf/L / ;b:ox?nfO{ ;fwf/0f;ef / s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] lg0f{o adf]lhd sfddf nufpg] .

em=;+u7gsf]] pb]Zo k|flKtsf nflu cGo cfjZos sfo{ ug]{, u/fpg] .

@=   pkfWoIf M

s= cWoIfnfO{ ;Nnfx, ;'emfj lbg] / cWoIfsf] cg'kl:yltdf lghn] ug]{ sfd ug]{ .

Vf= cWoIfåf/f k|Tofof]lht sfo{ ug]{ .

u= tff]lsP jdf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x? ug]{ .

3= cGo ;b:o ;/x ug'{ kg]{ sfo{ ug]{ .

#=   dxf;lrj M

s=    sfo{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ /fli6«o e]nf jf clwj]zg÷;Dd]ng / cWoIfsf] gb]{zg cg';f/ s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt, s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno / s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] a}7s af]nfpg] .

Vf=    ;+u7gsf]]  b}lgs k|zf;sLo sfo{sf] /]vb]v, lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f / kqfrf/ ug]{ .

   u=     a}7sx?sf] sfo{;"lr tof/ ug]{, ;"rgf ug]{ / lg0f{o k'l:tsf /fVg] .

   3=     cWoIfåf/f k|Tofof]lht sfo{ ug]{ .

   ª=     ;+u7gsf sfuhftx? tyf ;DklQnfO{  ;'/lIft /fVg] .

   r=    cfjZos k|lta]bg tof/ ug]{ .

   5=    cWoIfnfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx lbg] .

   h=    s'g} dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ ;~rfngdf cWoIfsf] k/fdz{ lng] .

$=   ;lrj M

  s=    dxf;lrjsf] cg'kl:yltdf lghsf] sfd ug]{ .

   v=    dxf;lrjsf] sfo{x? dWo] dxf;lrjåf/f k|Tofof]lht sfo{ ug]{ .

   u=     dxf;lrjsf] sfo{x?df ;3fp k'¥ofpg] .

   3=     ;+u7gsf k|zf;sLo sfuhftx? tyf ;DklQnfO{  ;'/lIft /fVg] .

   ª=     s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] b}lgs sfo{ ;+rfng ug]{ .

%=   sf]iffWoIf M

  s= k|rlnt ljlw  adf]lhd ;+u7gsf]] lx;fj / >]:tf b'?:t /fVg] .

   v= cWoIf / dxf;lrasf] ;d]t /fo ;Nnfx lnO{ aflif{s ah]6 tof/ u/L

      sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sdf k]z ug]{ .

   Uf=        ;+u7gsf]] cfo Jofosf] cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ u/L  jflif{s n]vf k/LIf0f u/fpg]        / cg'df]bgsfnflu /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngdf k]z ug]{ .

   3=        ;+u7gnfO{ cfly{s ?kn] ;jn agfpg ljljw of]hgf th'{df u/L sfo{   ;ldltsf] cg'dlt lnO{ nfu' ug{ nufpg] .

   ª= cfly{s k|zf;g ;DjGwL cGo sfo{ ug]{ .

^=   ;b:ox? M

s= sfo{;ldlt, s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno / s]Gb|Lo sfof{noåf/f tf]lsP jdf]lhdsf] sfo{ ug]{ .

Vf= ;+u7gåf/f k|Tofof]lht sfo{ ug]{ .

u= ;+u7gsf]] p4]Zo kl/k"lt{sf] nflu ;Nnfx ;'emfj lbg]  tyf :jo+ klg ls|ofzLn x'g] .

kl/R5]b &

!^= /fHo:t/Lo e]nf jf ;Dd]ng M

-!_ of] ;Dd]ng ;fdfGotof @ aif{df ! k6s x'g]5 . t/ %!Ü / eGbf al9 ;+alGwt ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt ;dIf ;Dd]ngsf] dfu u/]df /fHo ;+of]hg ;ldltn] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] lgb]{zgdf # dlxgfleq ;Dd]ng jf e]nf af]nfpg' kg]{5 .

-@_ /fHo ;ldltsf ;b:ox? tyf lhNnfx?af6 5flgPsf k|ltlglwx? Pjd\ /fHo ;ldltn] tf]s]sf /fHo:t/Lo k|ltlglwx? -;Dk"0f{ k|ltlglw ;+Vofsf] !)Ü ga9\g] u/L _ /fHo ;Dd]ngsfnflu k|ltlglw x'g]5g\ .

-#_ /fHo ;ldltn] al9df %! ;+Vofdf ;b:ox? /x]sf] /fHo ;+of]hg ;ldltsf] rog ug]{5 .

-$_ /fHo ;Dd]ngn] /fHo ;ldltsf] cfo Aoosf] n]vf k/LIf0f ug{ n]vf k/LIfssf] lgo'lQm ug]{5 .

-%_ ;Dd]ngdf /fHo ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 k|:t't ;+u7gfTds tyf cfo Aoosf] ljj/0f pk/ 5nkmn u/L pQm k|ltj]bgx?nfO{ kfl/t ul/g' kb{5 .

-^_ ;Dd]ngn] cfufdL sfo{sfnsfnflu ;+u7gfTds gLlt tyf sfo{s|d lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .

-&_ ljljw ;d;fdlos k|:tfjx? kfl/t ug]{ .

!&= /fHo ;ldltsf] sfd st{Ao / clwsf/ M–

s= =If]lqo e]nf jf ;Dd]ngdf kfl/t gLlt tyf sfo{s|dx? sfof{Gjog ug]{  .     

v= cfjZos k/]sf a]nf lhNnfx?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] .

u= ;Dk"0f{ lhNnf sfo{ ;ldltx?;+u ;Dks{ u/L ;+u7gsf] pb]Zo k|flKtsfnflu tTk/ /xg] ..

3= aflif{s ah]6 tof/ u/L cfo Aoosf] laa/0f tof/ kfg]{ tyf cg'df]bgsfnflu ;Dd]ngdf k]z ug]{ .

ª= cfjZostf cg';f/  pk;ldltx? u7g u/L clwsf/ k|Tofof]lht ug]{ .

r= cfjZostf cg';f/ j}tlgs tyf cj}tlgs sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm ug]{ .

5= aif{sf] Ps k6s /fHo e]nf tyf b'O{  aif{df Ps k6s ;Dd]ng  af]nfpg] / ePsf lg0f{ox? sfof{Gjog u/fpg] .

h= ;dfg pb]Zo ePsf If]qLo :t/sf cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx? ePdf ltgLx?nfO{ cfkm"df ;dflxt u/fpg] jf s]Gb|Lo :t/df  PsLs[t ;+u7g lgdf{0f ePsf] cj:yfdf /fHo :t/df  klg  PsLs[t ;+u7g lgdf{0f x'g] cj:yf ePdf tf]lsP cg';f/ Pstf ug]{ .

!*= /fHo ;ldltsf ;lrjfno, sfof{nosf] u7g  / kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfd st{Ao / clwsf/ M–

s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno, sfof{nosf] u7g / kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ h:t} x'g]5 . _      

!(=    ;Nnfxsf/ M /fHo ;dGjo ;ldltn] ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx k/fdz{sf nflu ;Nnfxsf/x?sf] dgf]gog ug{;Sg] 5 . ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos dxTjk"0f{ ;Nnfx ;'emfj / k/fdz{ lbg' ;Nnfxsf/x?sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b *

@)= lhNnf e]nf/;Dd]ng M

-!_    lhNnf ;Dd]ng ;fdfGotof @ aif{df ! k6s x'g]5 .

-@_    lhNnf ;Dd]ngn] cWoIf !, pkfWoIf @, ;lrj !, sf]iffWoIf ! ;x;lrj ! ;lxtsf] a9Ldf %! ;b:oLo lhNnf ;b:ox? /x]sf] lhNnf ;ldltsf] rog ug]{5 .

-#_ lhNnf ;Dd]ngn] lhNnf ;ldltsf] cfo Aoosf] n]vf k/LIf0f ug{ n]vf k/LIfssf] lgo'lQm ug]{5 .

-%_ ;Dd]ngdf lhNnf ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 k|:t't ;+u7gfTds tyf cfo Aoosf] ljj/0f pk/ 5nkmn u/L pQm k|ltj]bgx?nfO{ kfl/t ul/g' kb{5 .

-^_ ;Dd]ngn] cfufdL sfo{sfnsfnflu ;+u7gfTds gLlt tyf sfo{s|d lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .

-&_ ljljw ;d;fdlos k|:tfjx? kfl/t ug]{ .

@!= lhNnf sfo{ ;ldltsf] sfd st{Ao / clwsf/ M–

s= lhNnf e]nf jf ;Dd]ngdf kfl/t gLlt tyf sfo{s|dx? sfof{Gjog ug]{  .  

v= cfjZos k/]sf a]nf s]Gb| jf /fHox?nfO{ k/fdz{ lbg] .

u= ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?;+u ;Dks{ u/L ;+u7gsf] pb]Zo k|flKtsfnflu tTk/ /xg] ..

3= aflif{s ah]6 tof/ u/L cfo Aoosf] ljj/0f tof/ kfg]{ tyf cg'df]bgsfnflu ;Dd]ngdf k]z ug]{ .

ª= cfjZostf cg';f/  pk;ldltx? u7g u/L clwsf/ k|Tofof]lht ug]{ .

r= cfjZostf cg';f/ j}tlgs tyf ca}tlgs sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm ug]{ .

5= @ aif{df Ps k6s ;Dd]ng jf e]nf af]nfpg] / ePsf lg0f{ox? sfof{Gjog u/fpFg] .

h= ;dfg pb]Zo ePsf lhNnf :t/sf cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx? ePdf ltgLx?nfO{ cfkm"df ;dflxt u/fpg] jf s]Gb|Lo :t/df  PsLs[t ;+u7g lgdf{0f ePsf] ca:yfdf lhNnf :t/df  klg  PsLs[t ;+u7g lgdf{0f x'g] cj:yf ePdf tf]lsP cg';f/ Pstf ug]{ .

@@= lhNnf ;ldltsf ;lrjfno, sfof{nosf] u7g  / kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfd st{Ao / clwsf/ M–

/fHo ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno, sfof{nosf] u7g / kbflwsf/Lx?sf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ h:t} x'g]5 .

@#=  ;Nnfxsf/ M lhNnf ;ldltn] ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx k/fdz{sf nflu ;Nnfxsf/x?sf] dgf]gog ug{;Sg] 5 . ;ldltnfO{ cfjZos dxTjk"0f{ ;Nnfx ;'emfj / k/fdz{ lbg' ;Nnfxsf/x?sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

 

kl/R5]b (

@%= lgaf{rg M–

s= lhNnfdf ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] e]nf, ;Dd]ng / clwj]zgåf/f lgo'Qm lgjf{rg ;ldltn] ;DalGwt sfo{ ;ldltsf nflu ;b:ox?sf] lgjf{rg ug]{5 .

v=lgjf{rg ;DalGw sfo{ljlw lgjf{rg ;ldltn] agfpg]5 .

u= sfo{;ldltsf] lgjf{rg uf]Ko dtbfgåf/f x'g]5 .

@^=  u0fk'/s ;+VofM M

;+u7gsf ;a} txsf a}7ssf] nflu u0fk"/s ;+Vof ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ;fdfGo ax'dt x'g]5 .

@&=  cfjZos sf/jfO{ M

   s= :j]R5fn] ;b:o kb Tofu u/]df jf /flhgfdf lbPdf , ;b:otf gljs/0f gu/]df , ;+u7gsf] xs lxtsf] k|lts"n sfd u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf ;+u7gsf] ;b:otfaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .

   v= ljgf ;"rgf tLg k6s ;Dd a}7sdf nuftf/ cg'kl:yt ePdf :jtM gLh kbaf6 x6\g]5g\ .

   u=        s'g} klg lgisflzt ;b:on] dflyNnf] lgsfodf ;k|df0f k'g/fa]bg ug{ kfpFg]5 .

   3=        dflyNnf] lgsfon] u/]sf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .

   ª= tNnf lgsfox?n] ljwfg k|lts"n ;+u7gsf] clxtdf sfo{ u/]sf] kfO{Pdf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn]  cfjZos sf/jfO{ ug{    ;Sg]5 .

@*=  kbk"lt{M M

   s= kbflwsf/Lx?sf] :yfg l/Qm x'g cfPdf ;DalGwt  ;ldltsf] ;b:ox? dWo]af6 / s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] :yfg l/Qm x'g cfPdf /fHo jf lhNnf ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx? jf clwj]zg÷;Dd]ng k|ltlglwx? dWo]af6 tyf /fHo ;ldltsf ;b:osf] xsdf lhNnf sfo{ ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?af6, lhNnf ;ldlt ;b:osf] xsdf lhNnfsf ;fwf/0f ;b:ox? dWo]af6 ;DalGwt sfo{ ;ldltn] pQm l/Qm :yfgdf kb k"lt{ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

@(=  ljwfg ;+zf]wg M

   /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngdf pkl:yt k|ltlglwx?sf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtn] ljwfg ;+zf]wg jf x]/k]m/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .

@&=  ;+u7gsf] sf]if M

;+u7gsf] b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] cfly{s >f]t ePsf] Pp6f sf]if x'g]5 .

s=;b:otf tyf gjLs/0f z'Nsx?,

v=;b:o tyf ;xof]uLx?af6 k|fKt /sd .

u= rn crn ;DklQ / To;jf6 x'g] cfDbfgL,

3= /fli6«o tyf cGt/{fli6«o ;+w ;+:yf tyf JolQmaf6 k|fKt x'g] cfly{s, ef}lts ;xof]u, bfg, pkxf/, cg'bfg cflb /sd tyf lhG;L ;fdfg .

ª= k|To]s lhNnf sfo{ ;ldltn] cfˆgf] ;b:otfsf] s"n cfDbfgLsf] $) k|ltzt s]Gb|nfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 .

@*=  ljz]if Joj:yfM

s= ljwfg cg';f/ ;dodf /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ng  af]nfpg' s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ng  x'g' cl3 lhNnfx?df s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt Pjd\ /fHo ;dGjo ;ldltn] tf]s] jdf]lhd lhNnf ;Dd]ng jf lhNnf e]nf u/L lhNnf ;ldltsf] lgjf{rg Pjd\ /fli6«o clwj]zg÷;Dd]ngsf] k|ltlglwx?sf] lgjf{rg ug'{kg]{5 .

v= c;fdfGo cj:yf ;[hgf eO{ ;Dd]ng jf clwa]zgsf] cfof]hgf ug{ g;lsg] ePdf sfo{ ;ldltsf] kbfjlw kZrft\ klg csf]{ Aoa:yf geP;Ddsf] nflu  pQm ;ldltn] g} sfo{ ;'rf? /fVg]5 .

u=     sf/0fjz s'g} ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] :yfg l/Qm x'g uO{ ;ldlt cNkdtdf kg{ uPdf afFsL ;b:ox?n] ljz]if ;Dd]ng jf clwa]zg af]nfO{ gofF sfo{;ldltsf] lgdf{0f ug]{5g\ .